Washington D.C., May 8: The prime time for brain development in a child's life is the first year, where the infant spends most of the time asleep. It is the time when neural connections form and sensory memories are encoded.
However, when sleep is disrupted, as occurs more often among children with autism, brain development may be affected, too.
New research led by the University of Washington finds that sleep problems in a baby's first 12 months may not only precede an autism diagnosis but also may be associated with altered growth trajectory in a key part of the brain, the hippocampus.
The study, which was published in the American Journal of Psychiatry, researchers report that in a sample of more than 400 taken of 6- to 12-month-old infants, those who were later diagnosed with autism were more likely to have had difficulty falling asleep.
It also states that this sleep difficulty was associated with altered growth trajectories in the hippocampus.
"The hippocampus is critical for learning and memory, and changes in the size of the hippocampus have been associated with poor sleep in adults and older children.
As many as 80 per cent of the children with autism spectrum disorder have sleep problems," said Annette Estes, director of the UW Autism Center and senior author of the study.
"In our clinical experience, parents have a lot of concerns about their children's sleep, and in our work on early autism intervention, we observed that sleep problems were holding children and families back," added Estes, who is also a UW professor of speech and hearing sciences.
"It could be that altered sleep is part-and-parcel of autism for some children. One clue is that behavioural interventions to improve sleep don't work for all children with autism, even when their parents are doing everything just right. This suggests that there may be a biological component to sleep problems for some children with autism," said Estes.
To consider links among sleep, brain development, and autism, researchers at the IBIS Network looked at MRI scans of 432 infants, surveyed parents about sleep patterns, and measured cognitive functioning using a standardized assessment.
At the outset of the study, infants were classified according to their risk for developing autism: Those who were at higher risk of developing autism -- about two-thirds of the study sample -- had an older sibling who had already been diagnosed.
Infant siblings of children with autism have a 20 per cent chance of developing autism spectrum disorder -- a much higher risk than children in the general population.
In the current study, 127 of the 432 infants were identified as "low risk" at the time the MRI scans were taken because they had no family history of autism.
They later evaluated all the participants at 24 months of age to determine whether they had developed autism. Of the roughly 300 children originally considered "high familial risk," 71 were diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder at that age.
Problems with sleep were more common among the infants later diagnosed with an autism spectrum disorder, as were larger hippocampi. No other subcortical brain structures were affected, including the amygdala, which is responsible for certain emotions and aspects of memory, or the thalamus, a signal transmitter from the spinal cord to the cerebral cortex.
The authors note that while parents reported more sleep difficulties among infants who developed autism compared to those who did not, the differences were very subtle and only observed when looking at group averages across hundreds of infants.
Sleep patterns in the first years of life change rapidly as infants transition from sleeping around the clock to a more adult-like sleep/wake cycle. Until further research is completed, Estes said, it is not possible to interpret challenges with sleep as an early sign of increased risk for autism.
He has been given time till tomorrow morning to file his reply as to why no action should be taken against him.
Comments
Its all about vote bank politics. In fact these pakhandi babas are rapists and believe in homosexuality Those who justify this dhongi baba are indeed knew or pretend to be blind on the fact that many non muslims producing illegal children from extra marital affairs.
Please don't call him such people as Maharaj,
Maharaj is a sacred word. He talks like a drunken man.
He does not deserve for it.
If daring why does he refer indirect. He cant say as Muslims.
The man himself did not marry and expecting his followers to make 40 children.
We have in India many Hindu friends like brothers and sisters.
These people create intolerance amongst peace lovers.
very unfortunate these coward senseless are elected as MPs.
It shows what is the mind-level of those who elected Him.
This is the strategy of BJP to field such a hate mongers to divide the country. They deserve stringent punishment for spoiling public harmony.
Why propaganda , if hindus fear , they are become minority , let these swamies to marry at least one girl and produce children as many as possible , if they capable.... as more official survey non muslims are have more than one wife than muslims..... let the govt to publish 2011 religious wise survey report...!
These swamis are drunkards....they say whatever they feel like...disgusting....must be eliminated from this earth....it will bring peace and tranquility to everyone....
Muslims have the the power and guts to do that in reality. Not like Sakshi Maharaj who afraid to get marry in his life.
What will be the end result if he is found guilty .... He should be kicked out/ Booted out from the Loksabaha...
Let him show a single person with 4 wives and 40 children.... No doubt he is expert in Ramayana and Mahabharatha stories ....
I appreciate EC action. EC should recommend removal of this hate monger and should not allow for further election. I wil appreciate if EC removes voting right of this hate monger. I agree with statement of this hate monger that money from cow slaughter is used for terrorist act. It is well known that beef exporters are bjp sympathizers and huge amount of money is given by these beef exporters to sangh parivar which is being used in terrorist acts. I think this hate monger is also getting a share.
Add new comment