Washington D.C., May 8: The prime time for brain development in a child's life is the first year, where the infant spends most of the time asleep. It is the time when neural connections form and sensory memories are encoded.
However, when sleep is disrupted, as occurs more often among children with autism, brain development may be affected, too.
New research led by the University of Washington finds that sleep problems in a baby's first 12 months may not only precede an autism diagnosis but also may be associated with altered growth trajectory in a key part of the brain, the hippocampus.
The study, which was published in the American Journal of Psychiatry, researchers report that in a sample of more than 400 taken of 6- to 12-month-old infants, those who were later diagnosed with autism were more likely to have had difficulty falling asleep.
It also states that this sleep difficulty was associated with altered growth trajectories in the hippocampus.
"The hippocampus is critical for learning and memory, and changes in the size of the hippocampus have been associated with poor sleep in adults and older children.
As many as 80 per cent of the children with autism spectrum disorder have sleep problems," said Annette Estes, director of the UW Autism Center and senior author of the study.
"In our clinical experience, parents have a lot of concerns about their children's sleep, and in our work on early autism intervention, we observed that sleep problems were holding children and families back," added Estes, who is also a UW professor of speech and hearing sciences.
"It could be that altered sleep is part-and-parcel of autism for some children. One clue is that behavioural interventions to improve sleep don't work for all children with autism, even when their parents are doing everything just right. This suggests that there may be a biological component to sleep problems for some children with autism," said Estes.
To consider links among sleep, brain development, and autism, researchers at the IBIS Network looked at MRI scans of 432 infants, surveyed parents about sleep patterns, and measured cognitive functioning using a standardized assessment.
At the outset of the study, infants were classified according to their risk for developing autism: Those who were at higher risk of developing autism -- about two-thirds of the study sample -- had an older sibling who had already been diagnosed.
Infant siblings of children with autism have a 20 per cent chance of developing autism spectrum disorder -- a much higher risk than children in the general population.
In the current study, 127 of the 432 infants were identified as "low risk" at the time the MRI scans were taken because they had no family history of autism.
They later evaluated all the participants at 24 months of age to determine whether they had developed autism. Of the roughly 300 children originally considered "high familial risk," 71 were diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder at that age.
Problems with sleep were more common among the infants later diagnosed with an autism spectrum disorder, as were larger hippocampi. No other subcortical brain structures were affected, including the amygdala, which is responsible for certain emotions and aspects of memory, or the thalamus, a signal transmitter from the spinal cord to the cerebral cortex.
The authors note that while parents reported more sleep difficulties among infants who developed autism compared to those who did not, the differences were very subtle and only observed when looking at group averages across hundreds of infants.
Sleep patterns in the first years of life change rapidly as infants transition from sleeping around the clock to a more adult-like sleep/wake cycle. Until further research is completed, Estes said, it is not possible to interpret challenges with sleep as an early sign of increased risk for autism.
Comments
This seer i think has no job but to give illogic/false/unrealistic/anti social/anti humanity / anti communal statemetns. He does not know what he is saying. Instead of preaching good thing to public he is diverting them for voilence and hatred. this is not good dear Seer.
It is really pains to any parent or any reasonable person whenever such incident takes place.
First of all it is worth thinking to prevent it rather than give a chance to happen and repent later.
It happens mostly with most of the non-Muslims and also happens seldom with Muslims.
Here is a point to think deeply, Social Liberalism with Hindus and other communities is much more than their fellow muslim counterparts.
This is the point where our all Hindu and other brethern to think it seriously. Once you allow free mingling in mixed genders, you can not rule out the possibility of such mishaps, there is a risky chance to happen certaily. Grow your girls in such atmosphere with their own female society whre they freely mingle with ladies than sending them to work and study and mingle in mixed gender environment.
If you practice it 90% of such mishaps can be eliminated. Send them to womens college, if you dont have, we need to create it. Allow them to work with only women.
It is difficult but not impossible.
May God help to protect all our women, men and everyone.
Your brotherly thinker
PFI converting poor Hindus girls.. That exposed with video proof by IndiaToday. Nobody opposed that because it revealed by PFI leaders only. No national media made big issue that.
If any of Hindu org revealed something like that then all Muslim org + national media will give full coverage for atleast one month
All wrong things muslims will do and if caught then they will tell they are miniority so they have attacked by Hindus everywhere. & create some hashtags in social media like #injustice #intolerance #Raiseyourvoice... etc
Well said seer. Muslims should be controlled.
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