Washington D.C., May 8: The prime time for brain development in a child's life is the first year, where the infant spends most of the time asleep. It is the time when neural connections form and sensory memories are encoded.
However, when sleep is disrupted, as occurs more often among children with autism, brain development may be affected, too.
New research led by the University of Washington finds that sleep problems in a baby's first 12 months may not only precede an autism diagnosis but also may be associated with altered growth trajectory in a key part of the brain, the hippocampus.
The study, which was published in the American Journal of Psychiatry, researchers report that in a sample of more than 400 taken of 6- to 12-month-old infants, those who were later diagnosed with autism were more likely to have had difficulty falling asleep.
It also states that this sleep difficulty was associated with altered growth trajectories in the hippocampus.
"The hippocampus is critical for learning and memory, and changes in the size of the hippocampus have been associated with poor sleep in adults and older children.
As many as 80 per cent of the children with autism spectrum disorder have sleep problems," said Annette Estes, director of the UW Autism Center and senior author of the study.
"In our clinical experience, parents have a lot of concerns about their children's sleep, and in our work on early autism intervention, we observed that sleep problems were holding children and families back," added Estes, who is also a UW professor of speech and hearing sciences.
"It could be that altered sleep is part-and-parcel of autism for some children. One clue is that behavioural interventions to improve sleep don't work for all children with autism, even when their parents are doing everything just right. This suggests that there may be a biological component to sleep problems for some children with autism," said Estes.
To consider links among sleep, brain development, and autism, researchers at the IBIS Network looked at MRI scans of 432 infants, surveyed parents about sleep patterns, and measured cognitive functioning using a standardized assessment.
At the outset of the study, infants were classified according to their risk for developing autism: Those who were at higher risk of developing autism -- about two-thirds of the study sample -- had an older sibling who had already been diagnosed.
Infant siblings of children with autism have a 20 per cent chance of developing autism spectrum disorder -- a much higher risk than children in the general population.
In the current study, 127 of the 432 infants were identified as "low risk" at the time the MRI scans were taken because they had no family history of autism.
They later evaluated all the participants at 24 months of age to determine whether they had developed autism. Of the roughly 300 children originally considered "high familial risk," 71 were diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder at that age.
Problems with sleep were more common among the infants later diagnosed with an autism spectrum disorder, as were larger hippocampi. No other subcortical brain structures were affected, including the amygdala, which is responsible for certain emotions and aspects of memory, or the thalamus, a signal transmitter from the spinal cord to the cerebral cortex.
The authors note that while parents reported more sleep difficulties among infants who developed autism compared to those who did not, the differences were very subtle and only observed when looking at group averages across hundreds of infants.
Sleep patterns in the first years of life change rapidly as infants transition from sleeping around the clock to a more adult-like sleep/wake cycle. Until further research is completed, Estes said, it is not possible to interpret challenges with sleep as an early sign of increased risk for autism.
Comments
..you admin, no need to edit my post, if you dont like then delet it, dont act like maron
if you again play with my comment, i will completely hack your website & make an hyperline to porn site.
Expecting police dept immediate action and real person and his supporters /sponsors details. Fact ,
this is not any individuals comment Seems like planned sedition. A peace loving ;A Gods Faith percon never come up with such worst comments.
we all know who is ananth kumar
no need to celebrate here, death is death who ever it may be, he is human being who was created by GOD.
Wat dodanna said is correct, but i want to add some points too. There are many chaddi groups which are continuously spreading hatred against one or two religions! I request Mangalore administration to look into all such groups (both side) and ban those groups!! In short i want to see Facebook itself getting banned in Mangalore!! We can leave in peace if this thing gets banned!
No muslim will give bad comment on any dead person. I am sure that bad comments by Mangalore Muslims facebook admin is created by anti nationals to defame Muslims. I am also sure that this face book account is established by same group who are behind creating Indian mujahideen, love jihad etc which are totally false and do not exist in reality. These are only imaginery organisation created by anti Muslims and anti Indians. Police should catch the real admin of Mangalore Muslims facebook account and do not arrest innocents just to fill the blank. Strict action should be taken against the culprits. In the meantime, i extend my heartfelt condolence to the family of deceased Anant Kumar. None should have right to criticise any dead person.
Now in this advanced technology and system it is easy to trace out such culprits. Police department must immediately take action against such person.
If the dept neglect then such incidents will repeat again n again.
Crtisizing and giving bad and communal comments against dead person and against wise rulers are now a days more and more in India.Even some news channels also supporting to such thus.
It is not accepted.
Add new comment