Sedentary lifestyle, obesity, stress, lack of sleep key factors for diabetes: Experts

Agencies

October 1, 2018

Noida, Oct 1: Sedentary lifestyle, obesity, stress, dietary habits and lack of sleep are among the key factors contributing to the prevalence of diabetes, health experts said. The remarks were made during the 17th conference of Uttar Pradesh Diabetes Association (UPDACON), 2018, held in Noida on Saturday and Sunday and attended by over 500 doctors and academics from all over the National Capital Region (NCR) and UP.

“Over the last few years there has been a considerable increase in number of patients with diabetes and India is now tagged as the diabetes capital of the world,” Dr Amit Gupta, the organising chairman of the conference, said. One of the important reasons for this increase in prevalence of diabetes is sedentary lifestyle, obesity, stress, lack of sleep and dietary habits, Gupta was quoted as saying in a statement. Eminent doctors, including R R Singh and Amitesh Aggarwal, also expressed their views on diabetes — a condition caused by the body’s inability to regulate insulin levels that can lead to tissue damage and organ failure. Other experts stressed the need for new drugs and strategy to manage the epidemic.

During the two-day conference that culminated, several research papers were discussed, highlighting important studies and significant developments in the field, according to office-bearers of the UPDACON. The 17th edition of the UP Diabetes Association was organised by its Gautam Buddh Nagar chapter, said organising secretary Saurabh Srivastava.

According to a World Health Organisation (WHO) report, diabetes is a growing challenge in India with an estimated 8.7 per cent diabetic population in the age group of 20-70 years. “The rising prevalence of diabetes and other noncommunicable diseases is driven by a combination of factors including rapid urbanisation, sedentary lifestyles, unhealthy diets, tobacco use, and increasing life expectancy,” the report added.

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Crowded homes, poor neighbourhoods linked to COVID-19: Study

Agencies

June 21,2020

Lower neighbourhood socioeconomic status and greater household crowding increase the risk of becoming infected with SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, warn researchers.

"Our study shows that neighbourhood socioeconomic status and household crowding are strongly associated with risk of infection," said study lead author Alexander Melamed from Columbia University in the US.

"This may explain why Black and Hispanic people living in these neighbourhoods are disproportionately at risk for contracting the virus," Melamed added.

For the findings, published in the journal JAMA, the researchers examined the relationships between COVID-19 infection and neighbourhood characteristics in 396 women who gave birth during the peak of the Covid-19 outbreak in New York City. Since March 22, all women admitted to the hospitals for delivery have been tested for the virus, which gave the researchers the opportunity to detect all infections -- including infections with no symptoms -- in a defined population

The strongest predictor of COVID-19 infection among these women was residence in a neighbourhood where households with many people are common.The findings showed that women who lived in a neighbourhood with high household membership were three times more likely to be infected with the virus. Neighbourhood poverty also appeared to be a factor, the researchers said.Women were twice as likely to get COVID-19 if they lived in neighbourhoods with a high poverty rate, although that relationship was not statistically significant due to the small sample size.

The study revealed that there was no association between infection and population density.

"New York City has the highest population density of any city in the US, but our study found that the risks are related more to density in people's domestic environments rather than density in the city or within neighbourhoods," says co-author Cynthia Gyamfi-Bannerman."

The knowledge that SARS-CoV-2 infection rates are higher in disadvantaged neighbourhoods and among people who live in crowded households could help public health officials target preventive measures," the authors wrote.

Recently, another study published in the Journal of the American Planning Association, showed that dense areas were associated with lower COVID-19 death rates.

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Blood clotting significant cause of death in COVID-19 patients: Study

Agencies

May 2,2020

Clinician-scientists have found that Irish patients admitted to hospital with severe coronavirus (COVID-19) infection are experiencing abnormal blood clotting that contributes to death in some patients.

The research team from the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland found that abnormal blood clotting occurs in Irish patients with severe COVID-19 infection, causing micro-clots within the lungs.

According to the study, they also found that Irish patients with higher levels of blood clotting activity had a significantly worse prognosis and were more likely to require ICU admission.

"Our novel findings demonstrate that COVID-19 is associated with a unique type of blood clotting disorder that is primarily focussed within the lungs and which undoubtedly contributes to the high levels of mortality being seen in patients with COVID-19," said Professor James O'Donnell from St James's Hospital in Ireland.

In addition to pneumonia affecting the small air sacs within the lungs, the research team has also hundreds of small blood clots throughout the lungs.

This scenario is not seen with other types of lung infection and explains why blood oxygen levels fall dramatically in severe COVID-19 infection, the study, published in the British Journal of Haematology said.

"Understanding how these micro-clots are being formed within the lung is critical so that we can develop more effective treatments for our patients, particularly those in high-risk groups," O'Donnell said.

"Further studies will be required to investigate whether different blood-thinning treatments may have a role in selected high-risk patients in order to reduce the risk of clot formation," Professor O'Donnell added.

According to the study, emerging evidence also shows that the abnormal blood-clotting problem in COVID-19 results in a significantly increased risk of heart attacks and strokes.

As of Friday morning, the cases increased to 20,612 cases in Ireland, with 1,232 deaths so far, according to the Johns Hopkins University.

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