Washington D.C., May 8: The prime time for brain development in a child's life is the first year, where the infant spends most of the time asleep. It is the time when neural connections form and sensory memories are encoded.
However, when sleep is disrupted, as occurs more often among children with autism, brain development may be affected, too.
New research led by the University of Washington finds that sleep problems in a baby's first 12 months may not only precede an autism diagnosis but also may be associated with altered growth trajectory in a key part of the brain, the hippocampus.
The study, which was published in the American Journal of Psychiatry, researchers report that in a sample of more than 400 taken of 6- to 12-month-old infants, those who were later diagnosed with autism were more likely to have had difficulty falling asleep.
It also states that this sleep difficulty was associated with altered growth trajectories in the hippocampus.
"The hippocampus is critical for learning and memory, and changes in the size of the hippocampus have been associated with poor sleep in adults and older children.
As many as 80 per cent of the children with autism spectrum disorder have sleep problems," said Annette Estes, director of the UW Autism Center and senior author of the study.
"In our clinical experience, parents have a lot of concerns about their children's sleep, and in our work on early autism intervention, we observed that sleep problems were holding children and families back," added Estes, who is also a UW professor of speech and hearing sciences.
"It could be that altered sleep is part-and-parcel of autism for some children. One clue is that behavioural interventions to improve sleep don't work for all children with autism, even when their parents are doing everything just right. This suggests that there may be a biological component to sleep problems for some children with autism," said Estes.
To consider links among sleep, brain development, and autism, researchers at the IBIS Network looked at MRI scans of 432 infants, surveyed parents about sleep patterns, and measured cognitive functioning using a standardized assessment.
At the outset of the study, infants were classified according to their risk for developing autism: Those who were at higher risk of developing autism -- about two-thirds of the study sample -- had an older sibling who had already been diagnosed.
Infant siblings of children with autism have a 20 per cent chance of developing autism spectrum disorder -- a much higher risk than children in the general population.
In the current study, 127 of the 432 infants were identified as "low risk" at the time the MRI scans were taken because they had no family history of autism.
They later evaluated all the participants at 24 months of age to determine whether they had developed autism. Of the roughly 300 children originally considered "high familial risk," 71 were diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder at that age.
Problems with sleep were more common among the infants later diagnosed with an autism spectrum disorder, as were larger hippocampi. No other subcortical brain structures were affected, including the amygdala, which is responsible for certain emotions and aspects of memory, or the thalamus, a signal transmitter from the spinal cord to the cerebral cortex.
The authors note that while parents reported more sleep difficulties among infants who developed autism compared to those who did not, the differences were very subtle and only observed when looking at group averages across hundreds of infants.
Sleep patterns in the first years of life change rapidly as infants transition from sleeping around the clock to a more adult-like sleep/wake cycle. Until further research is completed, Estes said, it is not possible to interpret challenges with sleep as an early sign of increased risk for autism.
Speaking at a function organized by Minority Morcha (Krishanaraja assembly constituency) at Kalegowda community hall here recently, he said: "After independence, minorities had pinned hopes on Congress for growth. But that party used minority people as its vote bank and ditched them. Its contribution for the community's education is negligible."
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I think these ladies are either non-muslims and are in veil just for eye swash or these are paid workers who can do anything for money. If they are real muslims, they will never support bjp who is anti muslim and its already mentioned in their agenda that all members should work against muslims/islam. they are targeting muslims from all side and could not understand how these ladies and one Abdul Aziz is supporting this anti muslim party. I kinow that Congress has done nothing to Muslims, but bjp is bigger enemy of muslims than congress. Abdul aziz and these hired ladies might have forgotten that during the victory procession by bjp members they attacked Muslims, their shops, places of worships etc. Are these hired ladies and Abdul Aziz are blind/deaf or have sold themselves to bjp for the sake of some money. Shame on you ladies/Abdul Aziz. Dont act like Munafiqs. BJP is using you for vote bank also and will kick you out once they come to power. May Allah give you hidayat and right way of thinking. Dont ruin your present life and the life after death for money and praise/glory/appreciation.
minorities women uplift bjp after that BJP uplift you parda then you come to know the habit of BJP be aware of BJP and ABDUL AZIZ
congress jindabad, bjp murdabad.
all minorities should support bjp then only bjp can fully uplift india.
yes we know about this, still we support congress till our death.
bjp doing actually good for minorities, but congress always used them for vote bank, that they will never understand.
What bjp showed towards minority is more than enough....now since u hv been a silly post, you don't try to show off
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