Washington D.C., May 8: The prime time for brain development in a child's life is the first year, where the infant spends most of the time asleep. It is the time when neural connections form and sensory memories are encoded.
However, when sleep is disrupted, as occurs more often among children with autism, brain development may be affected, too.
New research led by the University of Washington finds that sleep problems in a baby's first 12 months may not only precede an autism diagnosis but also may be associated with altered growth trajectory in a key part of the brain, the hippocampus.
The study, which was published in the American Journal of Psychiatry, researchers report that in a sample of more than 400 taken of 6- to 12-month-old infants, those who were later diagnosed with autism were more likely to have had difficulty falling asleep.
It also states that this sleep difficulty was associated with altered growth trajectories in the hippocampus.
"The hippocampus is critical for learning and memory, and changes in the size of the hippocampus have been associated with poor sleep in adults and older children.
As many as 80 per cent of the children with autism spectrum disorder have sleep problems," said Annette Estes, director of the UW Autism Center and senior author of the study.
"In our clinical experience, parents have a lot of concerns about their children's sleep, and in our work on early autism intervention, we observed that sleep problems were holding children and families back," added Estes, who is also a UW professor of speech and hearing sciences.
"It could be that altered sleep is part-and-parcel of autism for some children. One clue is that behavioural interventions to improve sleep don't work for all children with autism, even when their parents are doing everything just right. This suggests that there may be a biological component to sleep problems for some children with autism," said Estes.
To consider links among sleep, brain development, and autism, researchers at the IBIS Network looked at MRI scans of 432 infants, surveyed parents about sleep patterns, and measured cognitive functioning using a standardized assessment.
At the outset of the study, infants were classified according to their risk for developing autism: Those who were at higher risk of developing autism -- about two-thirds of the study sample -- had an older sibling who had already been diagnosed.
Infant siblings of children with autism have a 20 per cent chance of developing autism spectrum disorder -- a much higher risk than children in the general population.
In the current study, 127 of the 432 infants were identified as "low risk" at the time the MRI scans were taken because they had no family history of autism.
They later evaluated all the participants at 24 months of age to determine whether they had developed autism. Of the roughly 300 children originally considered "high familial risk," 71 were diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder at that age.
Problems with sleep were more common among the infants later diagnosed with an autism spectrum disorder, as were larger hippocampi. No other subcortical brain structures were affected, including the amygdala, which is responsible for certain emotions and aspects of memory, or the thalamus, a signal transmitter from the spinal cord to the cerebral cortex.
The authors note that while parents reported more sleep difficulties among infants who developed autism compared to those who did not, the differences were very subtle and only observed when looking at group averages across hundreds of infants.
Sleep patterns in the first years of life change rapidly as infants transition from sleeping around the clock to a more adult-like sleep/wake cycle. Until further research is completed, Estes said, it is not possible to interpret challenges with sleep as an early sign of increased risk for autism.
Mahesh S Patil, the judge of second additional civil court and JMFC, Managluru, ruled that Mr Uchil should be given a compensation of Rs 50,000 along with interest at the rate of 9% per annum from the date of suit till the actual payment towards damages.
Comments
Dear Abdulraheem Uchil,
Hope these messages, will contribute you a major change in your life as a TRUE MUSLIM.
At least now you have to change yourself for sake of your own.
All community people will love you, if you truly learn and change.
Allau is Gafoor Al Raheem. He accepts sincere apologies and Tauba
I really respect for the word what he said is
About the interest being Muslim !!!
Dear brother,
You should now think how many people in your own community disagree with your principles.
Just for materialistic benefits you are compromising with teachings of Great religion where you borned with.
This world is not permanent. You and we are here to prepare in this life for the next permanent life.
Here we are supposed to face all type of difficulties to enables to lead the next life comfortably.
Join other your fellow community members. Live with them.
don't earn their enmity.
May Allah forgive us and you.
Dear brother,
You should now think how many people in your own community disagree with your principles.
Just for materialistic benefits you are compromising with teachings of Great religion where you borned with.
This world is not permanent. You and we are here to prepare in this life for the next permanent life.
Here we are supposed to face all type of difficulties to enables to lead the next life comfortably.
Join other your fellow community members. Live with them.
don't earn their enmity.
May Allah forgive us and you.
Dear Mr Rahim,
Congrats on winning the law suit.
In my opinion, you dont have to listen to the negative comments, especially to that of you receive from bearies. It doesn't matter which political party you belong to, as long as you do good service to the society.
They advise you on how to be 'true muslim'. 'True muslim' tag is not 'universal'. Till today nobody can unambiguously/univocally/indisputably define 'true muslim/islam'. We have 100s of parties in Islam. Each party considers themselves as 'true muslims'. This confusion will never ever be cleared until end of this world. Even terrorist claim they are 'true muslims'.
So, please continue your good works sir. By good works I mean moral/ethical and socially beneficial works, which are independent of any religion. Good is good. Bad is bad. No need any religious tags/support for it.
Thanks for valuable suggestions,(positive and negative comments )
What a joke Rahim!!! From which jungle these so called politician are coming from... Redicolous
Only in front of Media he is telling that he is not accepting interest. The real matter is entirely different. If he is a true Muslim he never join facist party like BJP. If he take interest or leave interest what is the difference....??? for him.
Dear Raheem Bhai,
If you are a true muslim then you should not accept even 50,000/ rupees . Because it is not that your hard earned money. Being a true muslim atleast you should donate this money to some charitable organization such as Old home , disabled children center or orphanage , then only you can say you are a true muslim.
Ra(hi)m Uchila, you cannot be a true muslim by not accepting interest, you have to learn and practice Islam to be come Muslim.
example for the man kind, best of rahim uchila \Being a ‘true Muslim’ I cannot accept interest,” he said."
By the way, what was the actual allegation? Can you please publish that defamatory article here ? :p
Rahim uchil shirt color and pose super
Just avoiding interest will not make a person true Muslim. A Muslim has to set example by practicing all teachings of Islam in life, so that even Non-Muslim be attracted.
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