Noam Chomsky is one of the leading peace workers in the world. In the wake of America’s attack on Vietnam, he brought out his classic formulation, ‘manufacturing consent’. The phrase explains the state manipulating public opinion to have the public approve of it policies—in this case, the attack of the American state on Vietnam, which was then struggling to free itself from French colonial rule.
In India, we are witness to manufactured hate against religious minorities. This hatred serves to enhance polarisation in society, which undermines India’s democracy and Constitution and promotes support for a Hindu nation. Hate is being manufactured through multiple mechanisms. For example, it manifests in violence against religious minorities. Some recent ghastly expressions of this manufactured hate was the massive communal violence witnessed in Mumbai (1992-93), Gujarat (2002), Kandhamal (2008) and Muzaffarnagar (2013). Its other manifestation was in the form of lynching of those accused of having killed a cow or consumed beef. A parallel phenomenon is the brutal flogging, often to death, of Dalits who deal with animal carcasses or leather.
Yet another form of this was seen when Shambhulal Regar, indoctrinated by the propaganda of Hindu nationalists, burned alive Afrazul Khan and shot the video of the heinous act. For his brutality, he was praised by many. Regar was incited into the act by the propaganda around love jihad. Lately, we have the same phenomenon of manufactured hate taking on even more dastardly proportions as youth related to Hindu nationalist organisations have been caught using pistols, while police authorities look on.
Anurag Thakur, a BJP minster in the central government recently incited a crowd in Delhi to complete his chant of what should happen to ‘traitors of the country...” with a “they should be shot”. Just two days later, a youth brought a pistol to the site of a protest at Jamia Millia Islamia university and shouted “take Azaadi!” and fired it. One bullet hit a student of Jamia. This happened on 30 January, the day Nathuram Godse had shot Mahatma Gandhi in 1948. A few days later, another youth fired near the site of protests against the CAA and NRC at Shaheen Bagh. Soon after, he said that in India, “only Hindus will rule”.
What is very obvious is that the shootings by those associated with Hindu nationalist organisations are the culmination of a long campaign of spreading hate against religious minorities in India in general and against Muslims in particular. The present phase is the outcome of a long and sustained hate campaign, the beginning of which lies in nationalism in the name of religion; Muslim nationalism and Hindu nationalism. This sectarian nationalism picked up the communal view of history and the communal historiography which the British introduced in order to pursue their ‘divide and rule’ policy.
In India what became part of “social common sense” was that Muslim kings had destroyed Hindu temples, that Islam was spread by force, and that it is a foreign religion, and so on. Campaigns, such as the one for a temple dedicated to the Hindu god Rama to be built at the site where the Babri masjid once stood, further deepened the idea of a Muslim as a “temple-destroyer”. Aurangzeb, Tipu Sultan and other Muslim kings were tarnished as the ones who spread Islam by force in the subcontinent. The tragic Partition, which was primarily due to British policies, and was well-supported by communal streams also, was entirely attributed to Muslims. The Kashmir conflict, which is the outcome of regional, ethnic and other historical issues, coupled with the American policy of supporting Pakistan’s ambitions of regional hegemony, (which also fostered the birth of Al-Qaeda), was also attributed to the Muslims.
With recurring incidents of communal violence, these falsehoods went on going deeper into the social thinking. Violence itself led to ghettoisation of Muslims and further broke inter-community social bonds. On the one hand, a ghettoised community is cut off from others and on the other hand the victims come to be presented as culprits. The percolation of this hate through word-of-mouth propaganda, media and re-writing of school curricula, had a strong impact on social attitudes towards the minorities.
In the last couple of decades, the process of manufacturing hate has been intensified by the social media platforms which are being cleverly used by the communal forces. Swati Chaturvedi’s book, I Am a Troll: Inside the Secret World of the BJP’s Digital Army, tells us how the BJP used social media to spread hate. Whatapp University became the source of understanding for large sections of society and hate for the ‘Other’, went up by leaps and bounds. To add on to this process, the phenomenon of fake news was shrewdly deployed to intensify divisiveness.
Currently, the Shaheen Bagh movement is a big uniting force for the country; but it is being demonised as a gathering of ‘anti-nationals’. Another BJP leader has said that these protesters will indulge in crimes like rape. This has intensified the prevalent hate.
While there is a general dominance of hate, the likes of Shambhulal Regar and the Jamia shooter do get taken in by the incitement and act out the violence that is constantly hinted at. The deeper issue involved is the prevalence of hate, misconceptions and biases, which have become the part of social thinking.
These misconceptions are undoing the amity between different religious communities which was built during the freedom movement. They are undoing the fraternity which emerged with the process of India as a nation in the making. The processes which brought these communities together broadly drew from Gandhi, Bhagat Singh and Ambedkar. It is these values which need to be rooted again in the society. The communal forces have resorted to false propaganda against the minorities, and that needs to be undone with sincerity.
Combating those foundational misconceptions which create hatred is a massive task which needs to be taken up by the social organisations and political parties which have faith in the Indian Constitution and values of freedom movement. It needs to be done right away as a priority issue in with a focus on cultivating Indian fraternity yet again.
Comments
Swetha and Srilatha, you both need treatment along with education to read the story and understand, nothing will materialize by just barking
In the film boy and girl from different communities can do all types of romance and they can show to the whole world, where is a respected and fast money making business.
But in the real life even just saying Hello is a big crime.
Everyone should take care of their every such action.
This is India.
ITS NOT A SECRET THAT HALF OF THE POLICE OF KARNATAKA ARE CHADDIS & ARE WAITING FOR ANY OPPORTUNITY TO POUNCE ON MINORITIES.
SRILATHA / SWETHA,
Please visit Jacqueline & Smrithi and talk to them & then JUDGE. They are saying they left on their own will. We know cheddi police who target the innocent either from Muslims or DAlits.. & if we believe this police story who deceived people many times.
When we accept such made up news - I think animals are better than humans.. cos humans just rely on false news and accept whatever said in the media without VERIFICATION...
Ahmed Nisar must learn a lesson here. Dont make friends if U dont know them personally... Tomorrow cheddi police will target U for having friends with strangers who may have illegal activities.
Grow up boys stay away from girls who are illegal to you according to islamic laws..\every parts of your body will speak as evidence on day of judgement \"may allah guide all youths to straight path ameen."
@ SWETHA CHINNAPPA ...
SRIILATHA
IF UR BROTHER IS TORTURED FOR NOT INVOLVED ISSUE WHAT WILL BE UR ACTION, TAKE OUT THE SAFFRON CHADDI FROM UR EYES FIRST..
EVEN GIRL CAME BACK AND TOLD THEY WENT ON THEIR OWN WISH
i think the name of the accused police officers should be named in this article....
would also like to know wat the MLAs are doing on this case..... they seem to be busy in only ribbon cutting, attending marriages, going to charity association function in gulf
Police brutality deplorable and condemned. Where is the Muslim Central Committee and Mr. Masood look into this matter.
Totally Misguided, we cant see any hit mark on his body, police should interrogate everyone with whom they get know involved in this. girls reached home safely thank god, if this girls did not return to the house this same person will be protesting everywhere, so please media allow police to do their job, let him face it for whatever he did.
this guy should be punished extreme this s not enough. why he wants to chat with girls knowing the situation in mangalore.
Poor guy, He digged his own grave, keep away yourself from girls.
whats wrong with this police, in india no freedom to talk to girls. serious action must be taken against police.,
nowadays its dangerous to talk to girls through social media, and this boys also cant make them away instead of knowing the fact.
Dear Nisar and all the Muslim youths,
Does your RELIGION allow you to join any groups with girls other than your relatives?
\Then, verily! Your Lord - for those who do evil (commit sins and are disobedient to Allah) in ignorance and afterward repent and do righteous deeds, verily, your Lord thereafter, (to such) is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful\""
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