SACH A WONDERFUL JOURNEY

[email protected] (G Unnikrishnan, DHNS)
December 24, 2012

Sachin_wonderful

March 27, 1994. That day will always remain seminal in Indian cricket history. It was on that day India found their and world's finest opening batsman in 50-over cricket at Eden Park, Auckland.

Sachin Tendulkar smashed a 48-ball 82 on that day, beginning a long 18-year stint at the pole position after having made his debut five years earlier. Innumerable records have been set during that journey, and some of them will never be broken.

The glitz of those numbers, however, masks two elements that made Tendulkar the most efficient one-day batsman of all time — adaptability and ability to withstand pressure of expectations from a billion fans for whom failure -- of Tendulkar and the team -- was not an option.

From 1994 to 2000 Tendulkar was at his peak of fitness and abilities, and there were no bowlers in the world who didn't face the wrath of his willow; it was classy and eye-catching at the same time.

He scored 8220 runs from 198 matches at 45.66 with 27 hundreds in that seven years, and it was that period that really converted Tendulkar into a household name and a brand worth millions.

Tendulkar had contemporaries like Matthew Hayden, Adam Gilchrist, Sanath Jayasuriya and Saeed Anwar who opened the innings, but none of them controlled a team's fortunes like the Mumbaikar. None of them had to enter the field in the knowledge that a personal failure would more likely end up in team's failure. It might have been immense pressure for one individual to bare. But Tendulkar stayed calm all the while.

There never was an occasion when he shied away from the responsibility or complained about the perils of one-man efforts. Tendulkar had to remain in that high-pressure boiling container not for just one series or a few months, but for years together.

There was no relief point. There was no one to share his burden. He couldn't have been blamed for feeling like the loneliest man on the planet because few could understand his situation. He was India's sole hope. Perhaps, those two 'Desert Storm' innings (143 and 134) against Australia at Sharjah in 1998 was also a reflection of India's desperation and dependence on him.

But in the late 90s and early 2000s emerged a set of cricketers who finally set Tendulkar free from that lonley place. Sourav Ganguly evolved into a fine opener in his own right, giving long company to Tendulkar, Rahul Dravid overcame his limitations as a limited-over batsman to score more than 10000 runs, once Ganguly was done with his career Virender Sehwag, a malevolent force at top, came to partner Tendulkar, and then others like Yuvraj Singh and Mahendra Singh Dhoni emerged at different times as India finally became a one-day super power.

Along with it, Tendulkar's role has also changed. He was no longer the lone match-winner, he became one of the match-winners among a host of that breed. It needed a change of mindset as well by Tendulkar to accept that shared significance in the team set up, and he adapted quite beautifully.

As a batsman, he was no longer required to carry India alone and a couple of injuries, most noticeably a tennis elbow, made it mandatory for Tendulkar to revisit his approach to batting. Some great players like Viv Richards never changed their methods, but here Tendulkar eschewed the ego factor and transformed into a different batsman post 2000.

Those twinkling forays down the pitch, a common feature of a Tendulkar innings in the 90s, particularly against spinners, were curtailed and shots over the top of the infield too became a rarity, and percentage cricket took over. The Tendulkar Mark 2 wasn't adrenaline-rising, but he was clinical cold and only more effective. There wasn't a batsman who was more aware than Tendulkar of the gaps on the field and angles.

Still, the impish kid in him would awake at times, largely in the shape of that upper cuts and paddle sweeps, shots he developed into a major part of his arsenal in the later part of his career.

In the new millenium, he amassed 8527 runs from 200 one-dayers at 48.17 with 22 hundreds, reflecting his steady impact and relevance even while the one-dayers underwent structural changes in the last decade.

The 85 against Pakistan at Mohali in the 2011 World Cup semifinals underscored that. Saeed Ajmal tormented him with doosras, and Pakistan fielders dropped him five times on that evening, but he never gave the fight away. For sometime, the clock ticked back to the 90s, and Tendulkar became India's pressure carrier. And like in the 90s, he soaked in the pressure, and India won. It was an ugly scrap, but it was also a shining pointer to the secret of his success.




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Agencies
June 19,2020

Denser places, assumed by many to be more conducive to the spread of the coronavirus that causes COVID-19, are not linked to higher infection rates, say researchers.

The study, led by Johns Hopkins University, published in the Journal of the American Planning Association, also found that dense areas were associated with lower COVID-19 death rates.

"These findings suggest that urban planners should continue to practice and advocate for compact places rather than sprawling ones, due to the myriad well-established benefits of the former, including health benefits," says study lead author Shima Hamidi from Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health in the US.

For their analysis, the researchers examined SARS-CoV-2 infection rates and COVID-19 death rates in 913 metropolitan counties in the US.

When other factors such as race and education were taken into account, the authors found that county density was not significantly associated with county infection rate.

The findings also showed that denser counties, as compared to more sprawling ones, tended to have lower death rates--possibly because they enjoyed a higher level of development including better health care systems.

On the other hand, the research found that higher coronavirus infection and COVID-19 mortality rates in counties are more related to the larger context of metropolitan size in which counties are located.

Large metropolitan areas with a higher number of counties tightly linked together through economic, social, and commuting relationships are the most vulnerable to the pandemic outbreaks.

According to the researchers, recent polls suggest that many US citizens now consider an exodus from big cities likely, possibly due to the belief that more density equals more infection risk.

Some government officials have posited that urban density is linked to the transmissibility of the virus.

"The fact that density is unrelated to confirmed virus infection rates and inversely related to confirmed COVID-19 death rates is important, unexpected, and profound," said Hamidi.

"It counters a narrative that, absent data and analysis, would challenge the foundation of modern cities and could lead to a population shift from urban centres to suburban and exurban areas," Hamidi added.

The analysis found that after controlling for factors such as metropolitan size, education, race, and age, doubling the activity density was associated with an 11.3 per cent lower death rate.

The authors said that this is possibly due to faster and more widespread adoption of social distancing practices and better quality of health care in areas of denser population.

The researchers concluded that a higher county population, a higher proportion of people age 60 and up, a lower proportion of college-educated people, and a higher proportion of African Americans were all associated with a greater infection rate and mortality rate.

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Agencies
January 7,2020

Washington, Jan 7: Facebook will ban deepfake videos ahead of the US elections but the new policy will still allow heavily edited clips so long as they are parody or satire, the social media giant said Tuesday.

Deepfake videos are hyper-realistic doctored clips made using artificial intelligence or programs that have been designed to accurately fake real human movements.

In a blog published following a Washington Post report, Facebook said it would begin removing clips that were edited--beyond for clarity and quality--in ways that "aren't apparent to an average person" and could mislead people.

Clips would be removed if they were "the product of artificial intelligence or machine learning that merges, replaces or superimposes content onto a video, making it appear to be authentic," the statement from Facebook vice-president Monika Bickert said.

However, the statement added: "This policy does not extend to content that is parody or satire, or video that has been edited solely to omit or change the order of words."

US media noted the new guidelines would not cover videos such as the 2019 viral clip -- which was not a deepfake -- of House Speaker Nancy Pelosi that appeared to show her slurring her words.

Facebook also gave no indication on the number of people assigned to identify and take down the offending videos, but said videos failing to meet its usual guidelines would be removed, and those flagged clips would be reviewed by teams of third-party fact-checkers -- among them AFP.

The news agency has been paid by the social media giant to fact-check posts across 30 countries and 10 languages as part of a program starting in December 2016, and including more than 60 organisations.

Content labeled "false" is not always removed from newsfeeds but is downgraded so fewer people see it -- alongside a warning explaining why the post is misleading.

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News Network
June 18,2020

Beijing, Jun 18:  Besides washing hands and wearing masks, it is also important to close the toilet lid before flushing to contain the spread of COVID-19, as per a new study.

According to a new study cited by The Washington Post, scientists who simulated toilet water and airflows, have found that flushing a toilet can generate a plume of virus-containing aerosol particles that is widespread and can linger in the air long enough to be inhaled by others. The novel coronavirus has been found in the faeces of COVID-19 patients, but it remains unknown whether such clouds could contain enough virus to infect a person.

"Flushing will lift the virus up from the toilet bowl," co-author Ji-Xiang Wang, who researches fluids at Yangzhou University in Yangzhou, China, said in an email. Wang stressed that bathroom users "need to close the lid first and then trigger the flushing process" and wash hands properly if the closure is not possible. As one flushes the toilet with the lids open, bits of faecal matter swish around so violently that they can be propelled into the air, become aerosolised and then settle on the surroundings.

Experts call it the "toilet plume".Age-old studies have been made to understand the potential for airborne transmission of infectious disease via sewage, and the toilet plume's role. Scientists who have seeded toilet bowls with bacteria and viruses have found contamination of seats, flush handles, bathroom floors and nearby surfaces. This is one reason we are told to wash our hands after visiting the toilet. Public bathrooms are well known to contribute to the spread of viruses that transmit via ingestion, such as the noroviruses that haunt cruise ships. However, their role in the transmission of respiratory viruses has not been established, said Charles P Gerba, a microbiologist at the University of Arizona."The risk is not zero, but how great a risk it is, we do not know. The big unknown is how much virus is infectious in the toilet when you flush it ... and how much virus does it take to cause an infection," said Gerba, who has studied the intersection of toilets and infectious disease for 45 years.

A study published in March in the journal Gastroenterology found significant amounts of coronavirus in the stool of patients and determined that viral RNA lasted in faeces even after the virus cleared from the patients` respiratory tracts. While another study in the journal Lancet found coronavirus in faeces up to a month after the illness had passed.

Scientists around the world are now studying sewage to track the spread of the virus. According to the researchers, the presence of the virus in excrement and the gastrointestinal tract raises the prospect of transmission via toilets, because many COVID-19 patients experience diarrhoea or vomiting.

A study of air samples in two hospitals in Wuhan, China found that although coronavirus aerosols in isolation wards and ventilated patient rooms were very low, "it was higher in the toilet areas used by the patients".The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) says it remains "unclear whether the virus found in faeces may be capable of causing COVID-19," and "there has not been any confirmed report of the virus spreading from faeces to a person".For now, the CDC characterises the risk as low based on observations from previous outbreaks of other coronaviruses such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). Wang decided to use computer models to simulate toilet plumes while isolating at home, as per Chinese government orders and thinking about how a fluids researcher "could contribute to the global fight against the virus".

Published in the journal Physics of Fluids, the study found that flushing of both single-inlet toilets, which push water into the bowl from one port, and annular-inlet toilets, which pour water into the bowl from the rim's surrounding edge with even greater energy, results in "massive upward transport of virus".

Particles can reach heights of more than three feet and float in the air for more than a minute, it found. The paper recommends not just lid-closing and hand-washing, it urges manufacturers to produce toilets that close and self-clean automatically. It also suggests that toilet-users should wipe down the seat. Gerba, however, said seats should not be a major concern.

Research has found that public and household toilet seats are typically the cleanest surfaces in restrooms, he said, probably because so many people already wipe them off before using them. Also, he said of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, "I don't think it's butt-borne, so I don`t think you have to worry."Gerba, who has been studying coronavirus transmission for two decades to investigate the role of a toilet flushing in a SARS outbreak stresses "flush and run" when using a public toilet without a lid. Gerba also said that people should wash hands well post-flushing and use hand sanitiser after leaving the restroom. "Choose well-ventilated bathrooms if possible and do not hang around the restroom in any case," added Gerba.

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