Washington D.C., May 8: The prime time for brain development in a child's life is the first year, where the infant spends most of the time asleep. It is the time when neural connections form and sensory memories are encoded.
However, when sleep is disrupted, as occurs more often among children with autism, brain development may be affected, too.
New research led by the University of Washington finds that sleep problems in a baby's first 12 months may not only precede an autism diagnosis but also may be associated with altered growth trajectory in a key part of the brain, the hippocampus.
The study, which was published in the American Journal of Psychiatry, researchers report that in a sample of more than 400 taken of 6- to 12-month-old infants, those who were later diagnosed with autism were more likely to have had difficulty falling asleep.
It also states that this sleep difficulty was associated with altered growth trajectories in the hippocampus.
"The hippocampus is critical for learning and memory, and changes in the size of the hippocampus have been associated with poor sleep in adults and older children.
As many as 80 per cent of the children with autism spectrum disorder have sleep problems," said Annette Estes, director of the UW Autism Center and senior author of the study.
"In our clinical experience, parents have a lot of concerns about their children's sleep, and in our work on early autism intervention, we observed that sleep problems were holding children and families back," added Estes, who is also a UW professor of speech and hearing sciences.
"It could be that altered sleep is part-and-parcel of autism for some children. One clue is that behavioural interventions to improve sleep don't work for all children with autism, even when their parents are doing everything just right. This suggests that there may be a biological component to sleep problems for some children with autism," said Estes.
To consider links among sleep, brain development, and autism, researchers at the IBIS Network looked at MRI scans of 432 infants, surveyed parents about sleep patterns, and measured cognitive functioning using a standardized assessment.
At the outset of the study, infants were classified according to their risk for developing autism: Those who were at higher risk of developing autism -- about two-thirds of the study sample -- had an older sibling who had already been diagnosed.
Infant siblings of children with autism have a 20 per cent chance of developing autism spectrum disorder -- a much higher risk than children in the general population.
In the current study, 127 of the 432 infants were identified as "low risk" at the time the MRI scans were taken because they had no family history of autism.
They later evaluated all the participants at 24 months of age to determine whether they had developed autism. Of the roughly 300 children originally considered "high familial risk," 71 were diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder at that age.
Problems with sleep were more common among the infants later diagnosed with an autism spectrum disorder, as were larger hippocampi. No other subcortical brain structures were affected, including the amygdala, which is responsible for certain emotions and aspects of memory, or the thalamus, a signal transmitter from the spinal cord to the cerebral cortex.
The authors note that while parents reported more sleep difficulties among infants who developed autism compared to those who did not, the differences were very subtle and only observed when looking at group averages across hundreds of infants.
Sleep patterns in the first years of life change rapidly as infants transition from sleeping around the clock to a more adult-like sleep/wake cycle. Until further research is completed, Estes said, it is not possible to interpret challenges with sleep as an early sign of increased risk for autism.
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If Owaisi compains for jds and bsp, he will lose the respect what we kannadigas have in him. He is being used by these parties only to divide muslim votes and alternatively support bjp. In case Owaisi did so, it will be very clear that he is hidden agent of bjp. If actually he needs betterment of muslims, he should keep away from Karnakataka elections. |this is our sincere advice to Mr. Owaisi otherwise we will support or respect him any more. Besides this if he comes to karnataka, i reqeust muslims to welcome him by rotten eggs and black flags. Let him understand that this is not Hyderabad. Why is he showing double standard? Why cant he stand in one boat. He should not try to be another Mir Jafar or Mir Qasim. I was a fan of him, but if he comes to karnataka on the hidden agenda of bjp, i will disrespect him for ever and will not consider him as a sympathisers of Muslims. He will do it for his own benefit. In every speech he speaks about unity in Muslims but he himself is going against it. I doubt he will keep on his popularity and may lose next election in his own constituency and AIMIM will also be thrown out. Hope Owaisi will understand the situation and take back his plan to visit karnataka to divide muslim votes.
Mr. Owaisi, try to follow one ideology. Dont spread your leg in two boats at the same time, you may fall down
He only denied the campaign offer before. Now again..
Double Standard guy, we know about you and we know about your dealing With BJP president Amith Shah close door meeting , do not try to fool Kanndaigas , we are very clear whom to vote ...........
Wonder land man from wonderland AIMIM looks not Indian degree, may be United Kingdom Degree after MIMIM this is Masters degree to the wonder Owaisi!!!!! any way he is the Gate way of "Devide and Rule" good money bai sabb, you divide or Sale no problem, we need our comission, he did in Uttarpradesh, Bihar now he came to Karnataka, no worries "Every Dog has its own day Bai sabb" I am sure Kannadians will not listen your stupidity
Jai hoo Siddaramanna
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