Pluralistic culture of Tulunadu needs to be highlighted to strengthen harmony: Qazi

[email protected] (CD Team, Photos by Ahmed Anwar )
February 17, 2012

“There would not have been a controversy over Babri Masjid had there been no partition,” says Twaqa Ahmad Musliyar, the Qazi of Mangalore, to drive home his point that the present communal tensions prevailing in the country have their roots in the history. A religious leader who waxes eloquent about the pluralistic culture of the country, Musliyar believes that reviving the tradition of tolerance and co-existence is the way forward for secular India. He spoke exclusively to Coastaldigest.com on the present socio-political situation, the condition of Muslims in the coastal district and the dowry menace.


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Q: Communalism is on the rise and there is increasing polarization on communal lines on either side of the religious divide. What is the solution?


A: The coastal districts came into contact with Islam through Arab traders as early as 7th century A.D. The local rulers and the citizens welcomed these Arab traders with open arms and gave them hospitality. The character of those people was such that the local population was deeply impressed by them.

The prominent leader among them was Hazarat Malik bin Dinar, who settled at Kodungallur. Raja Cheruman Perumal of Malabar is believed to have offered them his gracious hospitality. One of the 10 mosques allowed to be built by the Raja was the Zeenat Baksh Jumma Masjid, which was then known as Malik Bin Dinar Masjid.

The masjid was inaugurated on Friday, 22 of Jumadil Awwal month in 22 al-Hijra, corresponding to year 644 AD, Hazarat Moosa bin Malik, son of Moosa bin Abdulla was anointed as the first Qazi. The Deenar mission also built a masjid each at Barkur and Kasargod, which came under the Kanara region. Ibrahim bin Malik and Mahmood bin Malik became the Qazi’s of Barkur and Kasargod respectively. The Qazi was the leader of the Muslims dealing with issues like marriage and family matters. On other worldly matters the Muslims were expected to follow the ruler’s diktat of that time.

The Muslim habitation in those days developed around the mosque and there was mutual respect among Hindus, Jains and Muslims.

There are a number of examples in the history of coastal districts when non-Muslim rulers donated lands to build masjids. The masjid in Gurukambla was built on a land donated by Kittur Rani Chennamma. Similarly the masjid in Ajilamogaru is built on the land given by Jain Kings. Even Muslims reciprocated the love and affection showered on them, by being loyal to the rulers. Abbakka Rani of Ullal took shelter in the Masjid in Alekal after her defeat in the first war against the Portuguese.

The pluralistic culture and history of Tulunadu or the coastal Karnataka needs to be highlighted in order to strengthen the bonds between different communities in the region.

Q: But people like Prabhakar Bhat are trying to drive a wedge between Hindus and Muslims. Even Muslims get agitated and try to react to the situation in different ways?


A: I don’t want to say anything about Bhat. I cannot stoop to his level. I would rather leave it to Allah to decide. But it is important for Muslims to know that they have to live in India as a minority. They have to lead a life of peace and happiness. This is possible only if there is proper understanding between different religious groups. I always emphasise on the importance of religious tolerance and co-existence. The best lesson that we can derive from our forefathers including saints like Malik bin Dinar is that we can live in this country as a minority with respect and dignity. They have shown us the correct way by leading a pious and religious life. In all worldly matters, including administration, they instructed people to obey the diktats of the government. This in itself is a big lesson for Muslims.

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Q: But it looks easier said than done in today’s times. There is widespread misconception about Muslims and Islam. There are reactionary groups among Muslims also. The ghost of terrorism is constantly stalking the community?


A: The present communal situation in the country has its genesis in the history. Partition of India was a watershed event. Had the country not been divided into India and Pakistan, we probably would have been in a different situation. In fact, we would not have faced a problem like Babri Masjid.

When the country divided there was mass exodus on both sides of the divide. The Muslims of northern India migrated to Pakistan in large numbers. Millions of Muslims moved to Pakistan with the hope of a bright future leaving behind their land and wealth. Those who migrated were rich landlords and highly qualified educated people. They thought that they would get better opportunities in the “Islamic country” that was about to be born. The people who stayed back were predominantly working class Muslims, who did not have either political clout or economic power. They were mostly the coolis, rickshaw pullers, and the artisans.

During partition large number of non-Muslim population came to Delhi and the surrounding States and settled down in places abandoned by the Muslims who went to Pakistan. Even today when you got to some suburban areas in Delhi you will find a number of buildings resembling masjids and madrasas. But when you enter into them you will see some non-Muslim families residing there. The migrants from Pakistan took possession of the abandoned masjids and madrasas and converted them into their settlements.

In fact, the Muslim population of Ayodhya had also come down drastically after the partition. The rich and mighty had gone leaving behind the destitute and the poor. In all probability the Muslim residents in and around the Babri Masjid had also gone to Pakistan. You should understand that the Muslim community had been reeling under the shock of partition, when the Babri Masjid controversy first broke out with the installation of an idol in the 40s. I still strongly believe that the masjid would not have been demolished had the country remained united.

The partition divided Hindus and Muslims to a great extent. Even today an average Hindu believes that it was because of Muslims that Pakistan became a separate country. Even after decades, Muslims continue to be blamed for a sin which they had never committed. It has been proved historically that majority of Muslims were not in favour of creating Pakistan. Nationalist leaders like Abul Kalam Azad, Sheikul Hind, Shoukath Ali etc staunchly opposed partition. However, these facts have been pushed under the carpet and Muslims are forced to live with the stigma of partition.

Q: What is the solution?


A: We have to fight these communal elements that are against the very principle of pluralistic India. This can happen with mutual respect and increased understanding. If we deviate from the secular, pluralistic ethos of the country, we will have to face the problem of communalism, fascism and terrorism.

Q: You recently visited some families who have disabled members? What prompted you to take such an initiative? Was that part of your duty as Qazi?


A: No. I did not go there in my capacity as Qazi. I was invited by Talent Research Organisation to join them in their campaign. I felt happy when they came to me with the proposal and realized that this was something that needs to be encouraged. So I went there and discussed the problems of the poor families, who also have some physically challenged members to look after. It is not important who is doing such things. They may have invited me because that would give them some publicity. Nevertheless it was a worthy cause and I fully supported it.

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Q: What about the mass marriages? Today even these marriages are becoming an opportunity for the rich to showcase their wealth? Some are even trying to legitimize their lavish weddings by sponsoring the wedding expenses of the poor couples?


A: Definitely mass marriages are not the solution for the real problem. It is just a temporary solution. But we need to agree that there are hundreds of poor families who cannot marry off their girls because of various reasons including dowry. If some organizations come forward and make arrangements for the marriage of these girls that should be encouraged.

Similarly you cannot say that by sponsoring weddings of poor girls, the rich are trying to justifying their exhibitionism and squandering of wealth. They would anyway spend that much of money on their son’s or daughter’s wedding. If they are also offering to sponsor the marriages of poor girls, that should be encouraged and we should not try to find fault in their gestures.

But as I said, this is not the permanent solution. We need to find a way out for this menace called dowry. This should happen at the Mohalla Jamath level. We have to strengthen our Mohalla Jamaths in such a way that they should be able to deal with the problems of the people residing in their Jamath. Each jamath must have a data of the socio-economic situation of the individual family. The office-bearers and Imams should have information about the drop-outs, disabled people and the destitute on their fingertips. If we revive and strengthen the Mohalla Jamaths, we can solve many of our problems. In fact, we would not require organizations and associations to fight for these issues.




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Ram Puniyani
February 10,2020

Noam Chomsky is one of the leading peace workers in the world. In the wake of America’s attack on Vietnam, he brought out his classic formulation, ‘manufacturing consent’. The phrase explains the state manipulating public opinion to have the public approve of it policies—in this case, the attack of the American state on Vietnam, which was then struggling to free itself from French colonial rule.

In India, we are witness to manufactured hate against religious minorities. This hatred serves to enhance polarisation in society, which undermines India’s democracy and Constitution and promotes support for a Hindu nation. Hate is being manufactured through multiple mechanisms. For example, it manifests in violence against religious minorities. Some recent ghastly expressions of this manufactured hate was the massive communal violence witnessed in Mumbai (1992-93), Gujarat (2002), Kandhamal (2008) and Muzaffarnagar (2013). Its other manifestation was in the form of lynching of those accused of having killed a cow or consumed beef. A parallel phenomenon is the brutal flogging, often to death, of Dalits who deal with animal carcasses or leather.

Yet another form of this was seen when Shambhulal Regar, indoctrinated by the propaganda of Hindu nationalists, burned alive Afrazul Khan and shot the video of the heinous act. For his brutality, he was praised by many. Regar was incited into the act by the propaganda around love jihad. Lately, we have the same phenomenon of manufactured hate taking on even more dastardly proportions as youth related to Hindu nationalist organisations have been caught using pistols, while police authorities look on.

Anurag Thakur, a BJP minster in the central government recently incited a crowd in Delhi to complete his chant of what should happen to ‘traitors of the country...” with a “they should be shot”. Just two days later, a youth brought a pistol to the site of a protest at Jamia Millia Islamia university and shouted “take Azaadi!” and fired it. One bullet hit a student of Jamia. This happened on 30 January, the day Nathuram Godse had shot Mahatma Gandhi in 1948. A few days later, another youth fired near the site of protests against the CAA and NRC at Shaheen Bagh. Soon after, he said that in India, “only Hindus will rule”.

What is very obvious is that the shootings by those associated with Hindu nationalist organisations are the culmination of a long campaign of spreading hate against religious minorities in India in general and against Muslims in particular. The present phase is the outcome of a long and sustained hate campaign, the beginning of which lies in nationalism in the name of religion; Muslim nationalism and Hindu nationalism. This sectarian nationalism picked up the communal view of history and the communal historiography which the British introduced in order to pursue their ‘divide and rule’ policy.

In India what became part of “social common sense” was that Muslim kings had destroyed Hindu temples, that Islam was spread by force, and that it is a foreign religion, and so on. Campaigns, such as the one for a temple dedicated to the Hindu god Rama to be built at the site where the Babri masjid once stood, further deepened the idea of a Muslim as a “temple-destroyer”. Aurangzeb, Tipu Sultan and other Muslim kings were tarnished as the ones who spread Islam by force in the subcontinent. The tragic Partition, which was primarily due to British policies, and was well-supported by communal streams also, was entirely attributed to Muslims. The Kashmir conflict, which is the outcome of regional, ethnic and other historical issues, coupled with the American policy of supporting Pakistan’s ambitions of regional hegemony, (which also fostered the birth of Al-Qaeda), was also attributed to the Muslims.

With recurring incidents of communal violence, these falsehoods went on going deeper into the social thinking. Violence itself led to ghettoisation of Muslims and further broke inter-community social bonds. On the one hand, a ghettoised community is cut off from others and on the other hand the victims come to be presented as culprits. The percolation of this hate through word-of-mouth propaganda, media and re-writing of school curricula, had a strong impact on social attitudes towards the minorities.

In the last couple of decades, the process of manufacturing hate has been intensified by the social media platforms which are being cleverly used by the communal forces. Swati Chaturvedi’s book, I Am a Troll: Inside the Secret World of the BJP’s Digital Army, tells us how the BJP used social media to spread hate. Whatapp University became the source of understanding for large sections of society and hate for the ‘Other’, went up by leaps and bounds. To add on to this process, the phenomenon of fake news was shrewdly deployed to intensify divisiveness.

Currently, the Shaheen Bagh movement is a big uniting force for the country; but it is being demonised as a gathering of ‘anti-nationals’. Another BJP leader has said that these protesters will indulge in crimes like rape. This has intensified the prevalent hate.

While there is a general dominance of hate, the likes of Shambhulal Regar and the Jamia shooter do get taken in by the incitement and act out the violence that is constantly hinted at. The deeper issue involved is the prevalence of hate, misconceptions and biases, which have become the part of social thinking.

These misconceptions are undoing the amity between different religious communities which was built during the freedom movement. They are undoing the fraternity which emerged with the process of India as a nation in the making. The processes which brought these communities together broadly drew from Gandhi, Bhagat Singh and Ambedkar. It is these values which need to be rooted again in the society. The communal forces have resorted to false propaganda against the minorities, and that needs to be undone with sincerity.

Combating those foundational misconceptions which create hatred is a massive task which needs to be taken up by the social organisations and political parties which have faith in the Indian Constitution and values of freedom movement. It needs to be done right away as a priority issue in with a focus on cultivating Indian fraternity yet again.

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Ram Puniyani
May 2,2020

India has tragically witnessed the phenomenon of lynching becoming dominant during last few years. It was particularly around the issue of Holy Cow-Beef, that lynchings became more prevalent and two communities had to face the brunt of it, Muslims and dalits. The IndiaSpend data showed the rise of the incidents from 2014 and that close to 90% of victims were Muslims or dalits. Some notorious cases of lynchings were the one of Akhlaq, Junaid, Alimuddin Ansari, the beatings of dalits in Una. At another level it is during this period that the noted social worker Swami Agnivesh was also subjected to humiliating beating in the public. The communal color in India by now is so strong that many events, even before the details are known, are looked at from the communal color and false social noises start even before real facts are known.

Nothing can exemplify this more than the tragic lynching of two sadhus and their driver in Gadchinal village, near Palghar, a city nearly 110 Kilomenters from Mumbai. As the news of this tragedy spread the BJP leaders immediately started blaming Muslim minority for the crime. Nalin Kohli in an Interview to a German Channel said so. Not to be left behind Sambit Patra, the BJP spokesperson launched a tirade  against the liberals-seculars for their silence on the issue. As the matter stands the truth comes out that those sadhus were travelling to Surat from Kandivli area of Mumbai. It is a period of lockdown and they did not have the permission so they were avoiding the highway travel and going through interior routes. On this route was a village Gadchinale, an Adivasi dominated village where this tragedy took place.

During the lockdown period due to Corona virus the economic and social deprivation of poor people is extreme. Many rumors are floating there. In this village the rumor doing rounds was that a gang of chid lifters is roaming in different guises. Thats what these Sadhus were taken to be. Since the victims were Hindus and culprits are deliberately presumed to be from the other community. One recalls that to trigger the Mumbai violence in 1992-93 the incidence of murder of two Mathadi workers (HIndus) and burning of Bane family (Hindu) in Jogeshwari area of Mumbai, both these were false, these incidents were used as the pretext for the attack on the minorities.

In this case not only BJP leaders, the RSS itself also  jumped into fray along with Sadhu Samaj. A vicious atmosphere started building up. 

As the incident took place, Palghar case dominated the usual media channels and large sections of social media. The Government of Maharashtra (Shiv Sena+NCP+Congress) stood on the solid ground of truthfulness and arrested nearly 100 culprits, none of them being a Muslim. Interestingly the local body of the village is controlled by BJP and the chief of this body Chitra Chowdhari is a BJP leader. While the Maharashtra Government is standing on the solid ground of the facts of the case, it has also given the warning that those spreading falsehoods will not be spared.

The cruelty of those taking law into their hands is shocking. During the last few years taking law into the hands of the mobs is becoming close to normal. The real reasons are many. One of this being the lack of proper punishment to those who indulge in such dastardly acts. Not only that many of them are in the good books of the ruling establishment and many of them are honored despite their despicable role in such incidents. One recalls that in case of Mohammad Ikhlaq lynching, one of the accused died in the police custoy due to incidentlal disease. Then Union Central Minister Mahesh Sharma landed up to drape his body in tricolor. In another such case of Alimuddin Ansari, when eight of the accused got bail, the Union Minister Jayant Sinha garlanded them. What message it sends down the line?

The other factors contributing to the rise in intensity of violence is the overall social frustration due to life generally becoming more difficult. The rule of BJP has also encouraged intolerance, where people with differing opinions are looked down upon and called anti- Hindu, Anti National etc. Swami Agnivesh who criticised the blind faith, the statements like ‘plastic surgery in ancient India, or divine nature of Barfani Baba in Amarnath was humiliated in public.

The core issue is the dominance of sectarian mindset promoted by the ruling party and its parent organization the RSS. They are waiting to jump at any event which can be given communal color or where the minorities can be demonized. Few news channels, who are playing the role of loud speakers of divisive politics are adding salt to the wounds. The degree of Hate spread in the society has further taken the aid of innumerable social media networks to spread the false hoods down to all the sections of society.

The need for law against lynching needs to be brought in. All those participating in such dastardly violence need to be punished. Before that the whole atmosphere of Hate mongering and feeling that those talking law into their hands can get away with it, needs to be countered strongly. While a prompt police action against such incidents is the need of the hour, those who have made spreading hate as their business need to realize that no country can progress without the feeling of fraternity. Demonizing weaker sections may give them higher TRP, but it is also undermining our path of peace and progress.

Respect for Indian Constitution and rule of law needs to be restored. The fact check mechanisms like AltNews need to be activated much more. And lastly one must applaud the steps taken by the Government of Maharashtra to ensure that justice is done and Hate spreading is  checked right in its tracks.

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Amar Akbar Antony
 - 
Wednesday, 24 Jun 2020

Beautiful article. We need people like you- the need of the hour.

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Ram Puniyani
January 14,2020

In the beginning of January 2020 two very disturbing events were reported from Pakistan. One was the attack on Nankana Sahib, the holy shrine where Sant Guru Nanak was born. While one report said that the place has been desecrated, the other stated that it was a fight between two Muslim groups. Prime Minister of Pakistan Imran Khan condemned the incident and the main accused Imran Chisti was arrested. The matter related to abduction and conversion of a Sikh girl Jagjit Kaur, daughter of Pathi (One who reads Holy Guru Granth Sahib in Gurudwara) of the Gurudwara. In another incident one Sikh youth Ravinder Singh, who was out on shopping for his marriage, was shot dead in Peshawar.

While these condemnable attacks took place on the Sikh minority in Pakistan, BJP was quick enough to jump to state that it is events like this which justify the Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA). Incidentally CAA is the Act which is discriminatory and relates to citizenship with Religion, which is not as per the norms of Indian constitution. There are constant debates and propaganda that population of Hindus has come down drastically in Pakistan and Bangla Desh. Amit Shah, the Home minister stated that in Pakistan the population of Hindus has come down from 23% at the time of partition to 3.7% at present. And in Bangla Desh it has come down from 22% to present 8%.

While not denying the fact that the religious minorities are getting a rough deal in both these countries, the figures which are presented are totally off the mark. These figures don’t take into consideration the painful migrations, which took place at the time of partition and formation of Bangla Desh later. Pakistan census figures tell a different tale. Their first census was held in 1951. As per this census the overall percentage of Non Muslim in Pakistan (East and West together) was 14.2%, of this in West Pakistan (Now Pakistan) it was 3.44 and in Eat Pakistan it was 23.2. In the census held in Pakistan 1998 it became 3.72%. As far as Bangla Desh is concerned the share of Non Muslims has gone down from 23.2 (1951) to 9.6% in 2011.

The largest minority of Pakistan is Ahmadis, (https://minorityrights.org/country/pakistan/) who are close to 4 Million and are not recognised as Muslims in Pakistan. In Bangla Desh the major migrations of Hindus from Bangla Desh took place in the backdrop of Pakistan army’s atrocities in the then East Pakistan.

As far as UN data on refugees in India it went up by 17% between 2016-2019 and largest numbers were from Tibet and Sri Lanka.  (https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/migration/publication…)

The state of minorities is in a way the index of strength of democracy. Most South Asian Countries have not been able to sustain democratic values properly. In Pakistan, the Republic began with Jinnah’s classic speech where secularism was to be central credo of Pakistan. This 11th August speech was in a way what the state policy should be, as per which people of all faiths are free to practice their religion. Soon enough the logic of ‘Two Nation theory” and formation of Pakistan, a separate state for Muslim took over. Army stepped in and dictatorship was to reign there intermittently. Democratic elements were suppressed and the worst came when Zia Ul Haq Islamized the state in collusion with Maulanas. The army was already a strong presence in Pakistan. The popular formulation for Pakistan was that it is ruled by three A’s, Army, America and Allah (Mullah).

Bangla Desh had a different trajectory. Its very formation was a nail in the coffin of ‘two nation theory’; that religion can be the basis of a state. Bangla Desh did begin as a secular republic but communal forces and secular forces kept struggling for their dominance and in 1988 it also became Islamic republic. At another level Myanmar, in the grip of military dictatorship, with democratic elements trying to retain their presence is also seeing a hard battle. Democracy or not, the army and Sanghas (Buddhist Sang has) are strong, in Myanmar as well. The most visible result is persecution of Rohingya Muslims.

Similar phenomenon is dominating in Sri Lanka also where Budhhist Sanghas and army have strong say in the political affairs, irrespective of which Government is ruling. Muslim and Christian minorities are a big victim there, while Tamils (Hindus, Christians etc.) suffered the biggest damage as ethnic and religious minorities. India had the best prospect of democracy, pluralism and secularism flourishing here. The secular constitution, the outcome of India’s freedom struggle, the leadership of Gandhi and Nehru did ensure the rooting of democracy and secularism in a strong way.

India so far had best democratic credentials amongst all the south Asian countries. Despite that though the population of minorities rose mainly due to poverty and illiteracy, their overall marginalisation was order of the day, it went on worsening with the rise of communal forces, with communal forces resorting to identity issues, and indulging in propaganda against minorities.

While other South Asian countries should had followed India to focus more on infrastructure and political culture of liberalism, today India is following the footsteps of Pakistan. The retrograde march of India is most visible in the issues which have dominated the political space during last few years. Issues like Ram Temple, Ghar Wapasi, Love Jihad, Beef-Cow are now finding their peak in CAA.

India’s reversal towards a polity with religion’s identity dominating the political scene was nicely presented by the late Pakistani poetess Fahmida Riaz in her poem, Tum bhi Hum Jaise Nikle (You also turned out to be like us). While trying to resist communal forces has been an arduous task, it is becoming more difficult by the day. This phenomenon has been variously called, Fundamentalism, Communalism or religious nationalism among others. Surely it has nothing to do with the religion as practiced by the great Saint and Sufi traditions of India; it resorts mainly to political mobilization by using religion as a tool.

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Ashi
 - 
Tuesday, 14 Jan 2020

If Malaysia implement similar NRC/CAA, India and China are the loser.

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