Washington D.C., May 8: The prime time for brain development in a child's life is the first year, where the infant spends most of the time asleep. It is the time when neural connections form and sensory memories are encoded.
However, when sleep is disrupted, as occurs more often among children with autism, brain development may be affected, too.
New research led by the University of Washington finds that sleep problems in a baby's first 12 months may not only precede an autism diagnosis but also may be associated with altered growth trajectory in a key part of the brain, the hippocampus.
The study, which was published in the American Journal of Psychiatry, researchers report that in a sample of more than 400 taken of 6- to 12-month-old infants, those who were later diagnosed with autism were more likely to have had difficulty falling asleep.
It also states that this sleep difficulty was associated with altered growth trajectories in the hippocampus.
"The hippocampus is critical for learning and memory, and changes in the size of the hippocampus have been associated with poor sleep in adults and older children.
As many as 80 per cent of the children with autism spectrum disorder have sleep problems," said Annette Estes, director of the UW Autism Center and senior author of the study.
"In our clinical experience, parents have a lot of concerns about their children's sleep, and in our work on early autism intervention, we observed that sleep problems were holding children and families back," added Estes, who is also a UW professor of speech and hearing sciences.
"It could be that altered sleep is part-and-parcel of autism for some children. One clue is that behavioural interventions to improve sleep don't work for all children with autism, even when their parents are doing everything just right. This suggests that there may be a biological component to sleep problems for some children with autism," said Estes.
To consider links among sleep, brain development, and autism, researchers at the IBIS Network looked at MRI scans of 432 infants, surveyed parents about sleep patterns, and measured cognitive functioning using a standardized assessment.
At the outset of the study, infants were classified according to their risk for developing autism: Those who were at higher risk of developing autism -- about two-thirds of the study sample -- had an older sibling who had already been diagnosed.
Infant siblings of children with autism have a 20 per cent chance of developing autism spectrum disorder -- a much higher risk than children in the general population.
In the current study, 127 of the 432 infants were identified as "low risk" at the time the MRI scans were taken because they had no family history of autism.
They later evaluated all the participants at 24 months of age to determine whether they had developed autism. Of the roughly 300 children originally considered "high familial risk," 71 were diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder at that age.
Problems with sleep were more common among the infants later diagnosed with an autism spectrum disorder, as were larger hippocampi. No other subcortical brain structures were affected, including the amygdala, which is responsible for certain emotions and aspects of memory, or the thalamus, a signal transmitter from the spinal cord to the cerebral cortex.
The authors note that while parents reported more sleep difficulties among infants who developed autism compared to those who did not, the differences were very subtle and only observed when looking at group averages across hundreds of infants.
Sleep patterns in the first years of life change rapidly as infants transition from sleeping around the clock to a more adult-like sleep/wake cycle. Until further research is completed, Estes said, it is not possible to interpret challenges with sleep as an early sign of increased risk for autism.
Comments
Good initiative and we hope this has a wide outreach.
The activities of the fringe antisocials have to exposed for what they are and whom they serve.
By educating our youth, imparting skills, creating jobs and fostering humanity, we can ensure that harmony is sustained.
We are busy firefighting and not bothering to target and tackle the root cause, the real fire.
So pleased to see that the various sects have come together towards a better future for our beloved Mangalore.
Bravo!
Few on dias are jobless. Nice way to make living.. no income tax at all.
Easy life
Organising such an event is itself a landmark in communally sensitive city like Mangalore. It is Humanity Vs Hate & Terror. Wish this small step by proud sons of Mangalore prove to be a sigh of relief to the Peace loving general public of twin districts. Hope this will be the start of isolating BAD ELEMENTS from ALL COMMUNITIES for a Better Managalore!! Jai Hind!
Great stuff Saif.. May God Bless you... Hope all the Mangaloreans understand and live peacefully... @ Viren .. dont follow whoever you are following blindly..it will lead you no where... hatred has never brought peace no where in the world.. it will only lead to destruction.. live and let live.. Jai Hind
Hi Mangaloreans,
Thanks a million for your support and kind words.
1. Small drops make a ocean , have patience
2. Wish you the same and Thanks for the motivation madam
3. It's just the beginning and we have just started with a few , will be adding more in the future.
4. Thanks a million sir
5. The youth wing of Billavara Sangha Yuva Vahini is with us & youth from all communities are being misused
6.Thanks a million for your wishes sir
7. We are organising such events to warn Mangaloreans about trouble makers like you in all communities, we have filed a Cyber Crime Complaint and they are tracking your IP Adress , expect a call soon where you are
Jai Hind
this is a pure gimmick by both parties. In fact worship idols itself a gimmick.. all show off.. to fool people..
I think organisers forgot to include Hizbul mujahideen. hahaha.
Try involve Billavara Sangha representation. Billava youths are mostly used by the leaders of violence for their political benefits.
Most of the roudism, murder etc cases billava unemployed or uneducated youths are behind . They are the one who get killed and most they are the one who are going to the Jail.
Good Luck!
All the best.
Our twin districts known for peaceful co-existence communal harmony,love,brotherhood and trust. And also known for hospitality for guests Mangaloreans are intelligent educated smart and kind hearted people.. But now a days people are living with hatred and
insecure feelings. Few anti social elements trying to spoil the image of our districts by seeding the hatred poisons in the minds of the innocent people. It is the responsibility of all the NGO's ,politicians, religious scholars, administrative institutions to promote and uphold the peace and harmony in the society.
Major NGO's and religious organizations missing in the unique conclave.
Good move. God bless you all. God bless Mangaluru.
But when the major organisations will unite for a better cause? you can bring small organisations together anytime. Even though bunts organisations is part of the event, am sure it's for name sake.
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