Ramadan: A rigorous course for a noble code

[email protected] (A S PUTHIGE)
June 28, 2014
Wherever there is religion and spirituality, one will essentially find fasting as a revered belief and practice in one form or the other. I hail from Moodabidri, also known asJain Kashi'. Many of my friends happen to be Jains. I often find many beliefs and rituals in their religion entirely alien to mine. When it comes to fasting however, I notice numerous factors surprisingly similar between Jainism and Islam. In their religious discourses and their literature, they so often associate concepts such as self control, self purification, compensating for ones sins etc. with fasting, I feel they are in competition with our vociferous advocates of Islam, enthusiastically enumerating the spiritual, social and even medical benefits of Islamic fasting. I was not surprised when a close Jain associate of mine claimed, pointing towards these similarities that Islam has borrowed the concept of fasting from Jainism. He was being kind to me by avoiding some harsh words such as stealth or plagiarism. I had to surprise him by showing how, while proclaiming fasting as compulsory on Muslims, the Qur'an does acknowledge that fasting as a religious practice did exist even before the revelation of the holy Qur'an.quran

"O you who believe, fasting is decreed for you, as it was decreed for those before you, that you may attain salvation." Qur'an 2:183

The reason for such repetition of the same practice in religious streams of varying times is obvious. When all these streams of religion originate from one God, there must naturally be many features common between them. God is indeed capable of maintaining a healthy level of unity between various streams of faith initiated by Him, without having to sacrifice diversity between them. He has His own stock of methods to manifest His creative skills.

One may therefore safely proclaim that rather than being a unique feature of Islam, fasting is a feature common between religions and hence it should be looked at as a bridge between faiths. An inquisitive glance over the position of fasting in religions as divergent as Brahminism, Buddhism, Judaism and Christianity will only reaffirm this claim.

Ramadan is the 9th month in the Arabic, Islamic, Lunar calendar. It was during this month that the grand process of revelation of Qur'an was commenced. It is not an accident that its followers were ordained to fast every year during the same month. There is a deep affinity between Ramadan, Qur'an and fasting. Those who look at Qur'an as a book of mere sermons and rituals might fail to comprehend this and are likely to find it enigmatic. Those who have studied Qur'an however, know it as a book that offers a magnificent worldview. Qur'an looks at human life neither as an accident nor as a reward or punishment. It views life as an opportunity offered to Man to prove his worth.

"[It is He] who created death and life to test which of you is best in conduct; and He is the Mighty, the Forgiving." Qur'an 67:2

"Surely I have created all that is on earth as its ornaments, that I may test which of them is best in conduct." Qur'an 18:7

Qur'an vehemently refutes the notion that there is no particular purpose behind human existence.

"Do you think We created you for nothing and that you will not return to Us?"  Qur'an 23:115

In Qur'an we find God being introduced not only as the Unique Creator of the Universe but also as the Benevolent Entity who constantly monitors human life, records each activity of every human being and will one day reward each of them as per his merit.

"Whoever has done an atom's weight of good shall see it and whoever has done an atom's weight of evil shall also see it." Qur'an 99: 7,8

"...Verily the ear, the eye and the heart - each shall be questioned." Qur'an 17:36

Qur'an presents a comprehensive code of conduct, a code of ethics and standards or a code of Dos and Donts to the individual and to the society as well. It is generally a simple and pragmatic code that covers the entire realm of human life. But, to strictly follow any code throughout one's life time is quite a formidable task. That requires sustained and rigorous practice and training.

When a code is in harmony with ones inner logic and rationale, and one's own self, any average mortal can easily adhere to such a code. The challenge however arises when the requirements of the code run into conflict with the immediate pleasures and benefits, wishes of the society or with the dictates of one's own self. Saying a resolute 'No' to the self when it dictates something prohibited in the code is the toughest of all tasks.

Qur'an offers basically two sets of courses to its followers in order to train them and thereby enable them to adhere to the code of conduct mentioned above. While 'Salah' or congregational prayers 5 times a day, throughout the year, is the primary course, fasting during all the days of the month of Ramadan is the supplementary course.

During fasting, one is expected to voluntarily keep away from many things and acts that are otherwise lawful. Such sustained and conscious abstinence from lawful things is meant to strengthen his ability to abstain from unlawful things when he comes across them in real life. Significantly, Qur'an does not teach Man to treat his own self as an enemy per say. It does not ask Man to blindly suppress the self. In fact it warns him to protect himself against only the evil potentials of the self. According to Qur'an there are three principal dimensions to 'Nafs' or the self and only one of them is negative or evil. Qur'an warns Man to be vigilant against this particular dimension of the Self. It commands him to purify the self, to tame it and to constantly filter each of its commands.

Fasting is not all about abstaining from intake of food and drinks. Prophet Muhammad (phuh) once said: Allah does not need a person to give up eating and drinking, if his fast does not prevent him from telling lies and acting upon them."

Even a glance at some of the commands found in the code prescribed by Qur'an will convince anybody that a regular and rigorous course of preparation and training is essential to enable a person to really follow this code in its entirety. The following is only a very brief summary of the code of conduct envisaged in the Qur'an:

  • One must, under all circumstances, remain absolutely loyal to his Creator and all his other loyalties should be subject to this exclusive loyalty to his Lord.
  •  
  • Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) has demonstrated the most exalted standard in human character. Every person claiming allegiance to Qur'an is expected to emulate that character.
  • One should strictly attend to his religious duties such as Salah 5 times a day at prescribed times, pay Zakath annually and perform Hajj once in a lifetime. (The last two are incumbent only upon the capable).
  • One should always enjoin virtues to his fellow beings and should forbid them from doing every evil act.
  • Never pay or receive interest.
  • Never pay or receive bribe.
  • Always be kind to your parents, relatives, orphans and wayfarers and share your possessions with them.
  • Always speak the truth and adhere to truth under all circumstances. Avoid using deceitful and ostentatious words and language in communication.
  • Always be honest and never commit any act of stealth or deceit.
  • Always remain trustworthy and never commit breach of trust.
  • When you have made a promise, never break it.
  • Strictly practice justice, even if it goes against your own worldly interests or against the interests of your own clan or your own kith and kin.
  • Always remain humble and never be arrogant.
  • Always be generous and never be selfish and miserly.
  • Do not spy on others. Never indulge in backbiting.
  • Never nourish contempt, anger, hatred and animosity towards anybody.
  • Ignore mistakes made by people and forgive them.
  • Receive from people less than what is due to you and pay them more than what is due to them.
  • Never go even close to things and acts that are obscene and immoral.
  • Be always vigilant against allowing any organ of your body to indulge in any act that disapproved by God.

Any person who fasts, honestly, being fully aware of its nature and purpose is bound to experience his proximity with his Lord. His God no longer remains a dogmatic existence resting on a far off Divine throne. His resolve to abide by the divinely prescribed code of conduct multiplies in strength. With his rebellious ego tamed, he finds it easier to say 'NO' to the evil dictates of his self. The proclamation he makes in each of his prayer - "Surely my prayer, my sacrifice, my living and my death are for the sake of Allah, the Lord of  all the worlds" (Qur'an 6:162) - no longer remains a routine formality. His wishes and preferences get harmonised with the wishes of God.

It is a common and universal human experience that when we do a virtuous deed, the next such deed becomes easier. For a Muslim Qur'an is always the guide to his life. The Qur'anic code of conduct is always his companion. The month of Ramadan and the training course he undergoes during this month leads him to truly submit himself before God. That exactly is what is meant by becoming a 'Muslim' in the true sense of the word.

 

puthige

The author is a well-known writer, speaker, thinker, and a senior journalist from Karnataka. He is the Editor-in-chief ofVarthabharathi' Kannada daily newspaper headquartered in Mangalore. He has authored and translated several books in English and Kannada.Kannadalli Qur'an Anuvada', the translation of the meaning of the holy Qur'an in common man's Kannada, has been considered as Mr Puthige's magnum opus.

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Abu Muhammad | coastaldigest.com
January 16,2020

Even as the Muslims of undivided Dakshina Kannada district broke out of the “spiral of silence” and made history by leading an unprecedented protest against CAA, NPR and NRC as well as the categorial mistreatment of non-saffronites at the hands of the police across the country, mainstream media turned a blind eye to the spectacle at the Shah Garden Maidan in Mangaluru’s Adyar where about two lakh patriots with tricolor in their hands converged to assert themselves on January 15th, 2020, a date which will be remembered by the people of coastal Karnataka forever.

The largest gathering in the history of Mangaluru was absolutely peaceful, law-abiding and respectful. While the slogans of ‘Azaadi’ were reverberating in the atmosphere, the protesters were seen making way for vehicles and passersby, taking care of women and helping elderly citizens on the highway adjacent to the ground. Though the organisers and most of the participants were Muslims, they collectively identified themselves as “We, the people of India”.

The district administration and the police department hadn’t imagined or even dreamt of such a mammoth gathering after blocking the highway and banning public transport from 9 am to 9 pm. Many opine that this action was taken only to discourage the concerned from participating in the protest and to create fear in the hearts of the people who are yet to process the unjustifiable deaths of two innocent citizens in an unwarranted police firing a few weeks ago.

What has since surprised the protesters most is the mainstream media’s blatant attempt to downplay the significance of this largest ever gathering. Shockingly, it could not make it to the front pages of any of the state-level Kannada daily newspapers except city-based Vaartha Bharathi. In the absence of The Hindu, which had announced a holiday on account of Makar Sankranti, most of the English newspapers too pitilessly buried the historic event in their inner pagers. National TV channels too were evidently reluctant to cover the event until NDTV started telecasting the news of the protest.

This uneasy relationship between the media and minorities in coastal Karnataka has long existed, but the non-coverage of the huge protest of Jan 15 marks a quantum leap beyond the media’s traditional pro-Sangh Parivar stance and biases –– which in the past had often demonised non-saffronites –– to now completely ignore and suppress the people’s voice. This media bias has naturally evoked a sharp response from netizens, who took to social media to issue clarion calls to boycott the mainstream media forever.

Cleanliness Drive

Most major protest meets and rallies –– both religious and political –– leave behind tonnes of garbage, especially water bottles, placards and buntings. However, the organisers of the Jan 15 protest meet led by example by launching a cleanliness drive in the area soon after the protesters left the venue peacefully. The drive continued on Jan 16 too. (Ironically, amidst this ongoing cleanliness drive, a local news portal captured photos of a few plastic bottles scattered along the road at Adyar and published a report accusing the event organisers and participants of polluting the area!)

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coastaldigest.com news network
February 3,2020

A motley group of as many as 150 birders ‘walked the chirp’ in search of their feathered friends in and around the countryside of Manipal. The occasion was the 10th Edition of Manipal Bird Day organised by Manipal Birders Group on Sunday, February 2nd, 2020.

The day began ‘Bird Walk’ from Hotel Sheela Sagar (Opposite MIT campus) at 6:30 a.m. The birders divided themselves in smaller groups of 10-12 members and followed 13 different trails which took them through different terrains like hills, plains, paddy fields and wetlands. The idea was to sight as many birds as possible and record their presence in the region.

When the walk ended at about 10:00 a.m., the different groups have recorded a total of 125 species of birds, which was a bit lesser than the sighting of the yester years. “The 10th edition this year has seen a very good growth of interest among people. At the same time a decline has been seen in the bird species sighted compared to previous years,” said one of the organisers. Some of the rare birds sighted were Indian Pitta, Oriental Turtle Dove, Fork-Tailed Drongo Cuckoo, Orange Breasted Green Pigeon, Eurasian Marsh Harrier and Malabar Pied Hornbill.

The bird walk was followed with an interaction session at KMC Food Court and MAHE Vice Chancellor Dr. H. Vinod Bhat presided over the function. He felicitated six people who actively participated recently in a rescue mission of abandoned birds in Manipal.

A program then continued with a talk on ‘Ethical Photography’ by Dhruvam Desai, final year student of MIT, Manipal. This was followed by ‘Backyard Birding’ with Shubha Bhat from IISc Bangalore. She spoke on different ways to feed the birds with water using different materials for bird baths. “I have recorded 120 species of birds from bird baths in my garden,” she said. She encouraged the participants to have bird baths in their gardens or flats which will help quench the thirst of these little winged wonders during summer.

The participants involved themselves actively in the interaction sessions. The event was accompanied with an art exhibition titled ‘Feathered Jewels’ by Aditya Bhat. He presented around 18 paintings all from his memory of birding encounters.

Participation in Manipal Bird Day was open to all and entry was free.

MANIPAL BIRD DAY

Manipal Bird Day is an annual event dedicated to celebrating birds in Manipal. This day long event brings together a large number of birders from Manipal, Udupi, Mangalore, Mysore, Bangalore, Davangere and other places. Around 150-200 people gather and are split into different teams. They visit the assigned regions and count as many birds as possible. This non competitive event focuses on spreading awareness regarding the diverse avifauna around us. Turn out for this event has been increasing from 3 people to 200 in last 10 years. This is the 10th edition of Manipal Bird Day.

MANIPAL BIRDERS CLUB

Manipal Birders Club started as a Facebook group after the release of the first edition of “A Birders Handbook to Manipal” to share information about the latest sightings. It is now a formal group of over 500 like-minded members that meets at least once a week to go on bird walks. It is now a large birders community and a medium to organize events, bird walks and discussions about birds and sightings.

The next step would be to involve a higher number of local and young birders who will dictate the change in environment around the town in the coming years. With the co operation of Zoology and natural sciences students and other nature enthusiasts and faculty of different colleges weekly birding sessions have been conducted to involve and encourage more and more people to bird and get connected to the nature and to try to understand the changes happening around us, the media release issued by the group said.

 

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coastaldigest.com news network
August 8,2020

Mangaluru, Aug 8: As visuals of the Air India Express flight crash at Kozhikode international airport emerge, one cannot help but be reminded of an eerily similar and unfortunate accident that occurred a decade ago. The August 7, 2020 tragedy brought back memories of the 2010 crash.

It was on May 22, 2010 that an Air India Express Boeing 737-800 flight from Dubai to Mangaluru over shot the runway while landing at Bajpe airport and fell into a cliff. Of the 160 passengers and 6 crew members on board, 158 were killed (all crew members and 152 passengers) and only 8 survived.

Even back then, the plane had split into two. The crash has been termed as one of India's worst aviation disasters.

The final conversations between Air traffic control (ATC) and the pilot prior to the landing showed no indication of any distress.

Like the Mangaluru accident, Karipur crash too happened when the flight was attempting to land.

The captain of the aircraft which crashed at Mangaluru, Z Glucia, was an experienced pilot with 10,000 hours of flying experience and had 19 landings at the Mangalore airport. Co-pilot S S Ahluwalia, with 3,000 hours of flying experience had as many as 66 landings at this airport. Both the pilot and co-pilot were among the victims.

An investigation into the accident later found that the cause of the accident was the captain’s failure to discontinue an ‘unstabilised approach’ and his persistence to continue with the landing, despite three calls from the First Officer to ‘go-around’.

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