Washington D.C., May 8: The prime time for brain development in a child's life is the first year, where the infant spends most of the time asleep. It is the time when neural connections form and sensory memories are encoded.
However, when sleep is disrupted, as occurs more often among children with autism, brain development may be affected, too.
New research led by the University of Washington finds that sleep problems in a baby's first 12 months may not only precede an autism diagnosis but also may be associated with altered growth trajectory in a key part of the brain, the hippocampus.
The study, which was published in the American Journal of Psychiatry, researchers report that in a sample of more than 400 taken of 6- to 12-month-old infants, those who were later diagnosed with autism were more likely to have had difficulty falling asleep.
It also states that this sleep difficulty was associated with altered growth trajectories in the hippocampus.
"The hippocampus is critical for learning and memory, and changes in the size of the hippocampus have been associated with poor sleep in adults and older children.
As many as 80 per cent of the children with autism spectrum disorder have sleep problems," said Annette Estes, director of the UW Autism Center and senior author of the study.
"In our clinical experience, parents have a lot of concerns about their children's sleep, and in our work on early autism intervention, we observed that sleep problems were holding children and families back," added Estes, who is also a UW professor of speech and hearing sciences.
"It could be that altered sleep is part-and-parcel of autism for some children. One clue is that behavioural interventions to improve sleep don't work for all children with autism, even when their parents are doing everything just right. This suggests that there may be a biological component to sleep problems for some children with autism," said Estes.
To consider links among sleep, brain development, and autism, researchers at the IBIS Network looked at MRI scans of 432 infants, surveyed parents about sleep patterns, and measured cognitive functioning using a standardized assessment.
At the outset of the study, infants were classified according to their risk for developing autism: Those who were at higher risk of developing autism -- about two-thirds of the study sample -- had an older sibling who had already been diagnosed.
Infant siblings of children with autism have a 20 per cent chance of developing autism spectrum disorder -- a much higher risk than children in the general population.
In the current study, 127 of the 432 infants were identified as "low risk" at the time the MRI scans were taken because they had no family history of autism.
They later evaluated all the participants at 24 months of age to determine whether they had developed autism. Of the roughly 300 children originally considered "high familial risk," 71 were diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder at that age.
Problems with sleep were more common among the infants later diagnosed with an autism spectrum disorder, as were larger hippocampi. No other subcortical brain structures were affected, including the amygdala, which is responsible for certain emotions and aspects of memory, or the thalamus, a signal transmitter from the spinal cord to the cerebral cortex.
The authors note that while parents reported more sleep difficulties among infants who developed autism compared to those who did not, the differences were very subtle and only observed when looking at group averages across hundreds of infants.
Sleep patterns in the first years of life change rapidly as infants transition from sleeping around the clock to a more adult-like sleep/wake cycle. Until further research is completed, Estes said, it is not possible to interpret challenges with sleep as an early sign of increased risk for autism.
Locals present at the programme thrashed Abhishek Yadav before handing him over to the police.
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ye log muslim ko badnaami ke har koi moke nahi chodna chahte
Chakka saala.......narens and virens brother.....both are missing.
This is how these saffron goons attack temples and rape Hindu girls and blame it on muslims.....and some fools to react... they are attacking our nation in disguise......
Hopeless fellows. People Should be punished with this kind of mindse
Ththese kind of people make our countrys strength week. We shd all fight agnest these kind of idiots
HIJDA caught wearing burkha, may be an agenda of RSS
He is an FAH....
First of all this sangh parivar goonda should be punished heavily in such a way that he will do the mischief ever again. Secondly the gathering of muslim in the name of religious duty is not recommended. Allah will definitely punish those who go against Him. Maatam is not recommended in Island. Rather it is recommended to do good things and fast two days. People instead of following it correctly, are practicing unnecessary and unauthorized activities.
Sikandi Baba in action.. haha,.. may be like his leader he is also confused with his gender..
It seems that our Hindu Brother is very much attracted to the Burkha. May Allah bless him with Hidayath.
Whenever such incidents happens the Culprits are caught...
9/11 done by the zionist... daily YT exposes with more proof.
Godse done the same act of disguising as muslim and killing Gandhi but was identified in the same day.
Here one more cheddi got caught...
I now Wonder, if all the bomb blast were done by this same ENEMIES who change their identity to spread corruption in the land to keep the masses in fear.....and rule those who are unaware of the CREATOR of all that exists
When caught, they will definitely say he is mentally ill ..... This is the nature of those who worship the devils.
I feel pity on those hindus who still fall trap to these DECEIVERS..
It is not surprise. Sangha Pariwar is always doing these kinds of anti-human act.
There may be VHP/ ABVP protest in Mangalore over beating their brother.
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