Washington D.C., May 8: The prime time for brain development in a child's life is the first year, where the infant spends most of the time asleep. It is the time when neural connections form and sensory memories are encoded.
However, when sleep is disrupted, as occurs more often among children with autism, brain development may be affected, too.
New research led by the University of Washington finds that sleep problems in a baby's first 12 months may not only precede an autism diagnosis but also may be associated with altered growth trajectory in a key part of the brain, the hippocampus.
The study, which was published in the American Journal of Psychiatry, researchers report that in a sample of more than 400 taken of 6- to 12-month-old infants, those who were later diagnosed with autism were more likely to have had difficulty falling asleep.
It also states that this sleep difficulty was associated with altered growth trajectories in the hippocampus.
"The hippocampus is critical for learning and memory, and changes in the size of the hippocampus have been associated with poor sleep in adults and older children.
As many as 80 per cent of the children with autism spectrum disorder have sleep problems," said Annette Estes, director of the UW Autism Center and senior author of the study.
"In our clinical experience, parents have a lot of concerns about their children's sleep, and in our work on early autism intervention, we observed that sleep problems were holding children and families back," added Estes, who is also a UW professor of speech and hearing sciences.
"It could be that altered sleep is part-and-parcel of autism for some children. One clue is that behavioural interventions to improve sleep don't work for all children with autism, even when their parents are doing everything just right. This suggests that there may be a biological component to sleep problems for some children with autism," said Estes.
To consider links among sleep, brain development, and autism, researchers at the IBIS Network looked at MRI scans of 432 infants, surveyed parents about sleep patterns, and measured cognitive functioning using a standardized assessment.
At the outset of the study, infants were classified according to their risk for developing autism: Those who were at higher risk of developing autism -- about two-thirds of the study sample -- had an older sibling who had already been diagnosed.
Infant siblings of children with autism have a 20 per cent chance of developing autism spectrum disorder -- a much higher risk than children in the general population.
In the current study, 127 of the 432 infants were identified as "low risk" at the time the MRI scans were taken because they had no family history of autism.
They later evaluated all the participants at 24 months of age to determine whether they had developed autism. Of the roughly 300 children originally considered "high familial risk," 71 were diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder at that age.
Problems with sleep were more common among the infants later diagnosed with an autism spectrum disorder, as were larger hippocampi. No other subcortical brain structures were affected, including the amygdala, which is responsible for certain emotions and aspects of memory, or the thalamus, a signal transmitter from the spinal cord to the cerebral cortex.
The authors note that while parents reported more sleep difficulties among infants who developed autism compared to those who did not, the differences were very subtle and only observed when looking at group averages across hundreds of infants.
Sleep patterns in the first years of life change rapidly as infants transition from sleeping around the clock to a more adult-like sleep/wake cycle. Until further research is completed, Estes said, it is not possible to interpret challenges with sleep as an early sign of increased risk for autism.
Comments
what you know about HAJJ, first you try to learn your religion man you maron...you know in veda says there is no image of GOD, dont follow donkey, follow hindu scripture, first of all dont know what is hindu religion and goes to show finger on MUSLIM, look at you face in mirron and ask yourself do you following GODs religion or Devil religion...who is your god bootha or pure GOD.
dont act like maron of hindu community, think before comment, any thing happens to hindu then they blame muslim, what a joke,,there is saying that 80% dogs are worried about 14% lion in forest..haha
yo naresh, first try to learn veda the hindu scripture. which says there is no image of god..if you follow poojari then go to hell, who told muslims are not allowed, did you went any time to masjid to see how it is operated. you maron always behind bar and worship stone, how will your brain develop..first try to become good hindu then you can point muslim.
In most of the masjids having seperate place for woman also... better at least provide seperate way for hindu woman in temples to avoid mingling .... above judgement is on internal issue of hindu custom issue , why dragging muslims to it ?
According to North states' people and BJP people, there is a chance of flood again in Kerala, becuase SC challenged GOD. Those north state fools said that Kerala Flood was aftermath of Sabarimala verdict. Even RBI official backs the statement
Actually 99 percent of women in Kerala following the rule. They are waiting for their turn. Its like hajj. You people wont understand that. Some fools filed petition in order to destroy Hindu religious customs and traditions and muslim lawyer advocated for that. Now everything perished
Silly issue got more hype.
All bloody activists wants to destroy Hindu religion thats it. They won't raise voice against inequalities in Islam. They won't question their customs.
So called activitsts not protesting against inequalities among muslims. Why muslim girls cant enter in to mosque for offering namaz. Why they have seperate one.
Gender equality won
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